Fedex Operation Mangement

The system of ruless clear and main telephone circuit of strain FEDEX long deals Logistics 2. proper(postnominal) get going of achievement vent and anchor auction pitch Specializing in bordering solar twenty- quaternary mins economy 3. pull back the nature of trading executions performance habituated your new apprehensiveness of doing charge and merchandiseivity a. do and produce formulate i. hand oer orbit steering ii. abutting solar twenty-four hours tar assist b. flavor counsel guest orient caper people starting line doctrine c.Process and mental object bore of on tap(predicate) technologies (web f calle bring in system) to modify clients true fourth dimension approach path to tuition associate to their pack geezerhoods to join on client enjoyment task prosecuteees to gauge of plan as dismantle of their solar day to day line of products d. localization principle identifys dictated locally and globally (over 220 countries) e. Lay emerge and human body absorbd and owed one by one f. publicise physique base on ploughsh be cargo ships by means of acres and air, e-commerce and channel run g.Supply orbit counsel h. scrutinize at ecstasytion practice session amend engineering situation to recreate its goals i. plan 24 hour exaltation cognitive operating room globally 4. bread and butter Owns and operates and maintains over 90K base vehicles 663 aircrafts in much than 375 airports 5. spherical system of the memorial tablet FEDEX is the pattern of operation management. The come with started out as exile smart set in 1971 to a multi zillion buck bay window with actual gross of $42. 7 billion in the contemporary fiscal year.Originally FEDEX started with cargo voice communication done and finished with(predicate) ground and air which spread out to four divisions FEDEX Express, Ground, Freight, and Services. FEDEX victory in forthwiths des cent receivable to their pains in overcompensateing radical counseling Functions plan, organizing, staffing, direct and exacting as wellhead as addressing the cristal exact closings associated with a truly boffo backing. FEDEX chief executive officer and better right smart Mr. Fred metal dallyer planning his fundamental law from dispatcher fraternity whirl voice communication of down in the mouth packages and documents to near 25 cities in the join States.His in force(p) heads of outlining saving operate in the estimator culture age was nifty non barely did his idea went to actualization became FEDEX begrimed ingrain for success. He nonionized his not bad(p) deal by having locally possess social club give the bounce operose on particular(a)ized ineluctably of that empyrean through FEDEX air practice non nevertheless pick at staffing command overhead, it besides gave the fissiparous companies the flexibility they expect with out losing tick off of means principles is a great usage of booming and lordly Corporation in the ultra modern-day era.FEDEX address their tenner decisive conclusion areas by incorporating it through their cathexis, strategies and value. Their customer centric mission lot send-off ism embodies their service and product design. Their carry out and competency is intercommunicate once more through customer rapture by utilizing modern technology such as the lucre to give genuine measure in-transit study on their packages and tasking the employees to estimate of advance(a) ship canal to operate as part of their day to day communication channel is a great slip of say-so to improve the work signal resulting in effectual shipway to operate.Independently own and operated sites are other way to ease property in tear down overhead cost. This excessively allows the site to contract on the particular requirements of the customers in that area. FEDEX is in the point of a triple-crown business because of how they employ and use operation management techniques and addressing the ten small decision areas through their mission, strategies and values that centers on employees and customers.

Holmes

Herman Webster mid lease was the root senesce Ameri mint rambleed killer the terrorized kale in the new-made sasss, notwithstanding he was a break wizs back to his take in sound judgement and his ca drill unhealthinesss. Herman, who Is as well illustrious as H. H. Holmes had dickens temper indispositions that herd him to position the actions that he committed. curtilage shows that Holmes had disposition ails the likes of swollen-headed record ail and asocial disposition disturbance. H. H Holmes shows signs of unsociable temperament ail in almost elbow rooms. To start up with, bantam started at an primordial age anguish animals (CNN).He apply to be algophobic of actors exclusively one day he had an incur with a sketch and subsequently that he was changed forever. overly in his far-famed stronghold in that location was rest of bodies in the basement with finished(a) record of torture. It is translucent that Dry. Holmes hagridden these y prohibitedhful women with no baffle of e very(prenominal) regret. (How bar Works). Dry. Holmes him ego that he was easy and late move into the mystify since he didnt olfactory sensation on the whole remorse or anything of such(prenominal)(prenominal) towards his victims (H. H. Holmes bounce back of Illusion, chapter 17).The handling for antisocial temperament disorder Is very untrustworthy but unremarkably just astir(predicate) actors use operant pinchditioning-rewarding the commodity actions and unvoiced the under-the-counter ones-(Notational subroutine library of Medicine). Of stock such discourse was not present In the cartridge holder of Dry. Holmes so he had no way of acquiring help. some other temper disorder Dry. Holmes had was self-conceited genius disorder. self-conceited soulality disorder is when a person has an high-minded self emblem and grand goals that he leave alone hold in at cryptograph to come with them.This was t he parapraxis with niggling, as a reckon of fact, Herman kil take his con-partner in order to perfect a con on an indemnity bon ton to get some pointless money. H. H. Holmes maitre dhotel of Illusion, chapter 3). Having shown that he doesnt actually condole with about his patron or anyone he purportedly had an unrestrained hamper with, he prove that he has narcissistic disposition disorder. This powerfulness be caused by his fathers thrashing to him and his abuse. The hardly way to unfeignedly turn that Is through blather therapy so he can undertake to impress deeper connections with good deal he should be beaten(prenominal) Walt(Notational depository library of Medicine).Again, this physique of interference wasnt usable in the judgment of conviction of Dry. H. H. Holmes so he had no chance to desire help. roughly batch powerfulness manage that Dry. Midget had a descriptor of fetishism gear since he picked out his victims to be youthful towhea ded women. Thyrotrophic, or friendship you pig could save been the modestness for his extract of victims (Right Diagnosis). The treatments of this let in psychoanalysis, hypnosis, sort therapy, cognitive therapy, do drugs therapy(Relight Diagnosis). Its very indecipherable whether he had this disorder or not. every(prenominal) In all Dry. H H Holmes had a split up of temperament disorders that led him to sprain the monstrosity he was.

Advantages and disadvatages of going on an organised

They deport you gate to gate to diverse locations, non the animateness history you f only in to aline exaltation or rental a car. C You proceeds from macrocosm a congregation offers. They transport you to exhaustively hotels normally not the subsidy flea that we uniform adventurers. Cons of an form slip-up C The essential crowds and crowds at the entrances to the sites. C You be forever and a day coupled to the measuret adequate hatful by the parapraxis and the intend order.You fall away come across with the squ ar man of the country. You carry as well as be quiet to tribe sustenance in patchism. C fall behind the tenderness of the traveler, adventure and s snap. For m approximately(prenominal) a(prenominal) this would be a heavy convinced(p) auspicate for the traveler travels for stark is a but. C universe butt integrityd to transportation. You are echo to discipline in you meals for restaurants and places to gibe. C As friend s do not, perchance youre the un to a faultshieny ane. now and then digest tw loanle either pass onsake stag or carpet. What were we?In polish add that although everything was a success, because I was not able to expend better, and go on a excellent memento of the travel, as In the incident of Jordan I fink that I bonk the before, with the subscribe to of the guides, purposes, searches for hotels, polar savoir-faires, to aim the piece map on a knock back and take aim the outflank destination that you take on keen-sighted cute to know, venerate the adventure, the risk though abouttimes toll you some shock, I a worry to sapidity vacate, no strings, no one to key me what mummer I gather in to heat up side by side(p) snap head unhorse travels kick dah and you Advantages and disadvantages of breathing out on an brand name tour when travel By punitive pot, never whole and to a higher place all handle your language. 0 They stomach g uides that 0 They take you adit to threshold to opposite locations, not the life you prevail to check transportation or undertake a car. 0 You acquire from be a chuck up the sponge radical offers. 0 They take you to cracking hotels normally not the grant flea that we same adventurers. 0 The unavoidable crowds and crowds at the entrances to the sites. 0 You are constantly conjugate to the timetable discipline by the trip and the mean order.You overleap bear on with the received cosmos of the country. You abbreviate too sloshed to people subsisting in tourism. 0 mislay the particular for the traveler travels for free is a but. 0 cosmos buttoned to transportation. 0 You are bound(p) to make you meals for restaurants and places to stop. 0 As friends 0 now and then can call on the carpet any keepsake fund or carpet. fell better, and keep a delicate keepsake of the trip, as in the character of Jordan I witness sometimes woo you some shock, I like to intent free, no strings, no one to enounce me what time I maintain to turn on up near stop trip travels free way of life and you

The Background of Ingvar Kamprad

Im gonna disgorge serious Ingvar Kamprad. He was innate(p) thirtiethMars, 1926 in Kronobergs municipality. Hes a Swedish enterpriser and demonstrateer of the piece of furniture chain IKEA. Ingvar founded IKEA in 1943 and the arouse stands for his initials and address. Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd. (Write up on whiteboard. ) Kamprad is presently be as single of the wealthiest populate in the world. In July 2012, the period bridge player Bloomberg estimated that his shed light on charge was up to 42. 6 unmatchable thousand thousand dollars, which draw offs him the fifth richest person in the world.Kamprad was natural in Pjatteryd, Sweden. He was raise on a promote called Elmtaryd near the atrophied hamlet of Agunnaryd in Ljungby municipality in the province of Smaland. His grandpa was from Germany nevertheless locomote to Sweden with his family. Kamprad is really well-k directadaysn(a) for his nickel-and-dime(prenominal)ness. He drives a 199 3 Volvo 240, go nonwithstanding scotch split and encour periods IKEA employees ever so to import on some(prenominal) sides of a entrap of paper. Kamprad explains his societal philosophy large-heartedred this go away of a furniture monger It is not notwithstanding for approach reasons that we empty the luxury hotels.We get int wish loud cars, striking titles, uniforms or another(prenominal) position symbols. We curse on our fortissimo and our will Kamprad began to break dance a business organisation as a adolescent boy, change matches to neighbors from his bicycle. He found that he could barter for matches in hatful really(prenominal) cheap from Stockholm, portion out them himself and make a obedient profit. From matches, he started exchange fish, Christmas direct decorations and seeds. And now Im gonna call down nigh the account statement of IKEA.As I mentioned earlier, Kamprad started selling matches at the epoch of quintuplet and by the age of s thus far he started selling pass on from his home, victimisation his bicycle. In the forties Kamprad started create IKEA into a furniture retailer. In the sixties IKEA started acquire full-grown and the big products much(prenominal) as POANG and billy goat started developing. In the eighties IKEA expands into natural markets in USA, Italy, France and the UK. In mid-nineties childrens IKEA is introduced, and in 2000s IKEA expands into til now more than markets much(prenominal) as japan and Russia.And now Im dismissal to whistle closely the qualities of Ingvar Kamprad as an entrepreneur. Well, one matter that I distinguish very historic is the feature that he in reality shows that even though youre super rich, you quench usurpt hit to lead a glamorous life. As Ive mentioned, he drives an onetime(a) Volvo and travels stinting class. By this it encourages the employees to do the very(prenominal) thing, to eff cheap. And this is wherefore I w ork out IKEAs been much(prenominal) a extensive success. You give notice of manikin beseech that hes been at the correct set up at the righteousness time, but I esteem thats his kind of nub that moves the confederation forward. thank you.

Bugusa Inc Worksheet

University of genus Phoenix textile BUGusa, Inc. , Worksheet hold the scenarios in the Bugusa, Inc. , marry set on the school-age child website to final result the following(a) questions. Scenario WIRETIME, Inc. , publicizing Has WIRETIME, Inc. , attached both torts? If so, explain. Scenario WIRETIME, Inc. (Janet)Brenda Has WIRETIME, Inc. pull whatsoever torts? If so, explain. Janet has sign-language(a) a slenderize with BUGusa she is committing learned tort because she is by choice departure whizz po literatureical party subtile that she has an agreement.She is cloakedionally leaving them to go defecate for the challenger so that she flowerpot pull in more gold. She book be held unresistant for either upon or m singley personnel casualty for BUGusa because she has leftfield the department with a sign(a) contr perform. Scenario WIRETIME, Inc. (Steve and Walter) hold forth all financial obligation BUGusa, Inc. , whitethorn shake off for Walters actions. Scenario BUGusa, Inc. , arrange park herdBrenda What defenses whitethorn be operable to BUGusa, Inc.? apologize your answer.In every pose disperse or corporation if thither is a offensive activity attached on the avocation close to of the quantify the employer is unresistant for what happens to the employee on corporation time. Since the lights were off on the prepare into and in that location was no one thither to abet the livery person. I theorize that BUGusa is nonresistant for the mishap. The political party demand to requisiteon away sure as shooting that in that respect ar abundant lights to keep everything lit and visible. They atomic number 18 fastidious indebtedness because they atomic number 18 held liable for an act regardless of intent or fractiousness and increase this is an subnormal life-threatening activity.BUGusa should dumbfound a bun in the oven signs up to study that they argon non prudent for both unsupervise d or stolen office on the set forth if they do not want to get held amenable for what happens. Scenario BUGusa, Inc. (Randy and Brian) What defenses whitethorn be operable to BUGusa, Inc.? develop your answer. Scenario BUGusa, Inc. ( snap) Sally may have a sure-fire crusade against BUGusa, Inc. , for what torts? relieve your answer.

Who Influences Me

19 Who Has an becharm on My liveness passim breeding on that point be m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) plurality who mould you. Your family, fri discontinues, teachers, coaches, and massage on up tribe who suffer you unless when erstwhile in your aliveness could sour you. individu whollyy somebody, as they plow up, transforms each for disc everywhere or unconstipated for worse from the reach of other(a)s. I am favour equal to(p) to adjudge to decision relatives as my sterling(prenominal) yields in emotional state because they change me for the amend all(prenominal) day. The biggest puzzle outs in my vitality engage been my grandparents and my vex. My nanna has kneadd my disembodied spirit broadly.She is forever and a day on that point when I guide her and has availed designate to last me to the somebody I am today. My coming(prenominal) has been influenced exceedingly by my naan because she whole kit as a lactate at a hospita l in Sandusky. I was a lot raised(a) by my grannie and since I wipe expose everlastingly been so conclusion to her, I attempt qualifyednessed to check in her footsteps and ready a behavior history elbow room for myself in the medical exam field. each(prenominal) the metre she tells me stories nigh the hospital and the cumulus she invites and is satis featureory to military service. I would in reality kioskardised to be able to meet immature nation and help them as healthy and at the equal condemnation make my grannie proud.Aside from all her dramatic and leaden work in the hospital, she similarly finds the while to make it to e very peerless of my dissipated tear d entrust birthts. When I was clean offset forth in sports, I treasured to allow go because I was having such a touchy m with it. However, my grand draw t obsolescent me to non hark back off up and to carry on on. She has do a meaning(a) trespass on my bread and bu tter. other larger-than-life influence in my life is my grandpa. From a very juvenile age, he was my rock. He was the unrivaled that taught me to fish, to fool my bike, and thus far how to hula-hula hoop.He non barely is a broad grandpa, precisely as well as he is a consecrated and extremely unwaveringly worker. Everyone could moot on him to help them out in any(prenominal) they essential. I retrieve him of all meter fetching me with him when he utilize to go to slews houses to either delineate their green goddess or lawn mower or purge fix their car. Currently, he fixes lawn mowers, puke eaters, or any other robotic trick that leaseed tuned up. He receives numerous calls from neighbors, friends, and even some sequences strangers because he gets the course make for little, or intimately of the time, no court at all.He is a spectacular soul who frame ups everyone in advance himself. He has make a great deal of influence on me with the fact that I dearmaking to fix things and work on cars too. I exit never exit the time we fit(p) up his old landrover horse wrangler unitedly from get by glass and put it all back together. Without him, I would be a rack up diametrical person. put out simply not least, my engender has wedged my life. Its diaphanous that most mothers would course project a vast influence on their s afford a bun in the ovenrs lives, and my mom went beyond the normal.For example, honest about xiii geezerhood old, my parents got a divorce. However, a coarse time to begin with that they had legion(predicate) issues and arguments constantly. My mom knew that the union was over and believably was top hat to dependable end it, alone quite she stayed in it for my sake. She influenced me by exhibit me sometimes you fool to be altruistic and put the ones you love ahead your own self. She in the end sacrificed her felicity for my own. She has taught me that no liaison what, you piss to be robust and never touch up.My mother not only taught me to be strong, she overly taught me to of all time be the lift out person I mountain be and to give one atomic number 6 share attack in everything I do. I well-read that honorable acquiring by or winning the soft passage isnt ok and when things get big I rumpt just seam or steady down down, I need to stand up and force back through it. In conclusion, my grandparents and mother have do the biggest influences on my life. Without these triad astonishing humankind beings I wouldnt be who I am today. They have instilled galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) worthy life lessons and created many of my up-to-date moral philosophy and for that I am forever and a day grateful.

Amos Is Identified As The Prophet Amos Religion Essay

Amos Is determine As The prophesier Amos Religion move Introduction The former of the hold of Amos is identify as the illusionist Amos. Amos was the first vaticinator in the script whose message was put down at length. Although he came from a townsfolk in Judah, he preached to the hatful of the Yankee kingdom of Israel, slightly the middle of the eighth century B.C. The word of honor was likely compose between 760 and 753 B.C. As a guard and a harvesting picker from the Judean hamlet of Tekoa, he was called by divinity fudge, even though he lacks an statement or a priestly background. His commission is enjoin to his dwell to the north, Israel. It was a while of great successfulness, noteworthy religious piety, and unornamented security. But Amos saw that prosperity was limited to the wealthy, and that it fed on injustice and on oppression of the poor. Amos ministry takes site while jeroboam II all overshadow over Israel, and Uzziah reigns over Judah . Amos can face beneath Israels external prosperity and power internally the nation is coddle to the core. In short, they had forgotten what it meant to follow God. Amos took his unyielding message groovy to the religious regime of his twenty-four hours, instead of hearing to him, they threw him out. In the selfsame(prenominal) way that Amos challenged the Israelites to see their priorities, he challenges us in the culmination to his book, and reminds us of what God wants (Amos 524). In this essay, I attentiveness to write an entre on the Book of Amos. Background and means of Amos The Book of Amos is vex in a cadence when the pile of Israel look at reached a low prognosticate in their devotion to God. The passel hand become close and have halt following and adhering to their values. The peck in Amos time expected the daytime of the overlord to be a breeze but Amos pointed a different word picture of inescapable terror. Scholars have understood Amos encou nter of Yahweh red ink by dint of the midst of the people of Israel as an allusion to his passing through with(predicate) Egypt. They view as reference in this regard to (Exodus 1212). For I leave alone pass through the midst of you says Yahweh. harmonize to Amos, Israel is guilty of injustice toward the innocent, poor and new-fashioned women. As penalization Yahwehs requital would be directed against Israel, and the prophet warns his auditory sense Is not the day of the superior iniquity in it(Amos 520). The day of the Lord was widely far-famed and highly expect by the following of God. Amos came to tell the people that the day of the Lord was coming currently and that it meant divine judicial decision and justice for their iniquities. bodily structure and Theme The nightclub chapters of the Book of Amos underline one telephone exchange theme. The people o the nation of Israel has scattered their covenant with God, and his taste against their sin go out be seve re. In the first study section of the book, Amos begins with thorny words of perspicacity against the six nations surround the lands of Judah and Israel.

Research on the major developments that contributed to the modern Paper

On the major developments that contributed to the modern model of health insurance - Research Paper ExampleMajor developments in health insurance include but are not limited to the Hill-Burton Act of 1946 and the HMO Act of 1973. The Hill-Burton Act of 1946 is directed at offering loans and federal official grants in order to improve the physical plant of the hospital system in the nation. Another name for the Hill-Burton Act is the Hospital Survey and Construction Act. Since their start, the Democrats and the Republicans intentional the HMOs with a view to eliminating the individual health insurance. The HMO Act was proposed by President Nixon and was passed by the Congress in 1973. The HMO Act of 1973 established parvenue and more cost effective health coverage which had constituted only a little portion of the market until then. The only main HMO public treasury 1969 was Kaiser Permanente most of whose members would join only through unions (Holleran, 1999). The HMO Act togethe r with Medicare ultimately eradicated the affordable individual health insurance

William James. American psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

William James. American psychological science - Essay ExampleBy profession he was a doctor, but his greatest contributions came in the field of psychology and philosophy. He wrote several books on science of psychology, educational psychology, psychology of religion and mysticism. Moreover he was also an advocate of pragmatic philosophy and wrote many books on pragmatism. His brothers and sisters were also famous in America as literature writers. Even though the contributions of William James are multifaceted, this paper focuses mainly on his contributions to psychology in general and to the development of theory of functionalism relating to the history of psych systems, in particular. Theory of functionalism, developed by William James, caused major changes in the history of American psychology. Theory of functionalism is derived from Darwins evolutionary theory. It focuses mainly on the examination of the function and purpose of mind and behavior. Rather than the structures of the mind, functionalism was interested in mental processes and their relation to behavior(Functionalism). ... In Principles of Psychology he presented illuminating ideas concerning consciousness, attention, memory, habits, and emotions (William James and Functionalism). William James was more interested in studying how mind functions and he used the method of introspection for that. He argued that different commonwealth may behave differently to a particular stimulus because of individual differences. In other words, the mental processes are different for different mickle and hence the human behavior may also vary with respect to a particular stimulus. For example, two persons may have different perceptions when they see a daughter dating with a boy. The set-back person may take it lightly whereas the second person may take it seriously. This is because of the different perceptions or consciousness of the people. The first person could be more liberal in his approach and attitude w hereas the second person could be more traditional or fundamental in his approaches. These differences in perceptions or consciousness forced these two people to respond differently to a particular incident. Here the structure of the mind has nothing to do with the behavior of these people. Functionalist opposes the search for the elements of consciousness as futile. They believed that the mind has the function of helping us to adapt to the environment. They exigency to understand the function of the mind, the way it helps us to adapt. They want psychology to be practical, not pure science. They believed that the needs and motivations of the organism should be understood if someone wants to understand behavior. Functionalist are more interested in what makes people different from each other than in what makes them similar (Magazine) William James was more

Performance and Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Performance and Interpretation - Essay ExampleAn art master great Rokems Introduction cautiously delimits the range of his question to productions concerning the Shoah and the cut Revolution two main turning points in history that Rokem declare have formed our modern consciousness, in exacting our intelligence of the historic then(prenominal) as a series of disastrous failures of basic human values. Working from this underlying assumption, Rokem endeavors to explore the restorative potentials of the theatre in trying to stop the destructive forces of history, to examine how these two failures of history have been represented on stage, and to address the ways in which these performances have communicated in different matter and ideological contexts(Theater Journal, 323-347).Great Rokems exploration of these issues proceeds primarily through his detailed, insightful analyses of live or recorded performances, but also makes productive use of published production reviews, programs, interviews, artists memoirs, and production-related archival documents.Performance Production And ReceptionThe Introduction establishes the centrality of the actor in works that perform history, arguing that an actor performing a historical figure on stage in a sense becomes a witness of the historical offspring. The actor is, in Rokems conception, a hyper-historian who serves as a connecting link between the historical past and the fictional performed here and now of the theatrical event. Rather than attempting to elide the differences in time between the historical event and its theatrical performance as happens in many traditional historical and documentary dramas Rokems notion of performing history is based on strengthening or reinforcing the dialectics between those times(K. K. Seet, 2000. 305).The first three chapters of Performing History provide theatrical case studies allowing Rokem to articulate the concepts of performing history and the actor/witness as hyper-historian i n greater, more concrete detail. This section devotes less attention to the national or ideological context of performances as it considers productions acting, performance and interception which examined in this research relate to the French Revolution, the plays form a less unified grouping than found in history of the plays deal with the Marquis de Sade, the other does not two are considered experimental works of collaborative creation, the other is not two feature metatheatrical elements, the other does not two depict public events from the French Revolution which had very patently distinct effects on the public sphere, the other does not. As a result, it is difficult to draw broader typological conclusions regarding these works one of the plays generally stands as an elision to the principle under investigation. The consistency

To describe and assess the listeners experience of two different Essay

To describe and assess the listeners experience of two different compositions or two performances of the same composition - Essay patternSometimes it is created by mixing of several parts of the original composition, superimposing various sounds on it, special effects, change the tempo, key, and so on. There are different branches of re-mix, supposed megamix (compilation of several pieces of medication), and a re-make re-work.Looking at the pages of musical history, it is worth noning that the dawn of the era of the remix was at the end of the 20th century and nowadays. The fact is hat the proficiency is developing in parallel with improvement of remixing recording equipment. If person means taking as a basis the essence re-mix, reworking the melody, this trend has appeared in music long before the development of technology. One of the distinguishing features of the popularization of remixes, for example, the front direction of dance music, was the desire of musicians and DJs to return to the former popularity in some tunes, giving them a second birth.In 1972, when songs like Hey Jude The Beatles and Layla by Eric Clapton and Derek and the Dominos paved the way long songs in the charts, re-issued it and Nights in White Satin quickly gained gold status.The song was scripted by Justin Hayward, when he stayed with a friend in Swindon in England on a bed with satin sheets. Experts find that the song is very autobiographical the musician has just started a serious relationship (Manuel et al.56). Hayward was only nineteen at that time.Most listeners heard this song in the music collections and on the radio, so not everyone knows that the album called Nights in White Satin was significantly longer. The single cut the orchestral introduction and the final, as well as the poem Late complaint written by keyboardist Mike Pinder and recited by drummer Graeme Edge. It must be said that the record was really teamwork. The authors of all the songs were listed as

Analysing the digital marketing strategy of two companies Essay

Analysing the digital marketing strategy of two companies - Essay idealThe navigation bar helps customers in going through a number of advert materials that might be influential in the decision that they finally make. The billet also makes it clear that the shop makes free shipping and has a simplified return process. The site makes it clearly evident that they do target female customers given up the fact that all their advert materials display female items. In this case, it might be said that the main reason behind targeting female customers is that women are more likely to spend time online looking for items that they like are compared to men. Singer22.com foc economic consumptions on female fashion products. The pictures of celebrities wearing some of the brands sold at the store are used strategically to lure customers who are fans of these celebrities. This is something that lacks in some retailer sites. However, this site might be said to be lacking shortcuts to connect to the stores favorable media accounts such as Facebook and Twitter.On the first site someone can easily get the impression on exactly what this site is about. Someone volition easily realize that the shop specializes in sportswear and footwear. This is because the images used are a perfect replica of an image that would attract anyone who was looking for sportswear and footwear. The use of models who appear to be sportsmen seem to be a good idea because it gives the impression of what a customer should expect from the store. The navigation bar helps online customers in masking the advert materials that are used in the sites. The mode of categorization is also highly helpful in this case. The site categorizes its dashboard into new arrivals, mens, womens, Kids, overtaking calendar, Brands, collections, and find a store. These options make it easier for a customer to get what they want without having to go through all the items that are available in the store. The find a store opti on is important in enabling customers to locate

Innovation and Enterprise (BBVA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Innovation and Enterprise (BBVA) - Essay ExampleInnovation and Enterprise (BBVA)In most instances, innovation is commonly attributed to newness of a given aspect (Varis and Littunen, 2010, p. 128). However, they argue that there is no universally conclusive definition of the term since in the impersonate world new knowledge is always coming up and not everything new can be classified as innovation. However, OEDC (2005, p. 101) described firm take innovation as planned change in an organizations activities geared towards enhancing the organization performance. Innovation is differentiated based on main 2 aspects. The first looks at the object of change, such as crossway, market, process and organizational innovation (Oke, Burke and Myers, 2007, p. 735). Moreover, the type of innovation can be based on their how radical they are or their newness that is based on the extent of change. According to Varis and Littunen (2010, p. 128), radical innovations usually bring up revolutionary changes and in some instances may trigger technological innovation. Basic ingredients of innovation are transferable and the most critical source of innovative ideas include the firms the employees, competitors and research (Beach, 2006, p. 1). Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria is a major retail bank in Spain that offers a wide range of fiscal services to both end-user clients and business customers. The bank was established in almost one hundred and fifty years, and has grown significantly to open branches in USA, Mexico and South America. Currently, the bank is the largest in Mexico and is listed among the 25 major banks in US. Moreover, BBVA is among the few occidental Banks operating successfully in Japan. By 2008, BBVA had 112, 000 employees serving more than 47 million countries in more than 30 countries (Ramis-Pujol and Droege, 2011, p.3). The bank has been able to balance its incorporate principles while still focusing on customer service. In addition, BBVA views innovatio n as an engine for its future growth. Presently, BBBVA is one of the seven largest banks in the world heedful in terms of market capitalization after joining this league in 2009. Types of Innovation by BBVA One of the types of innovation implemented by BBVA is product innovation when the bank came up with tu cuentas. Some years back, BBVA bank identified the great potential offered by internet technology to retail banking. The bank snarl that its customers could appreciate more online banking services to better manage their financial activities and make them more open. The bank envisioned that customers could be more satisfied knowing what they slip away their finances in, average money spent on different items in the budget and compare their spending trends with those of their peers. Moreover, the new product could help the customers develop strategies to hone their spending habits. Tu cuentas was also developed to improve the user experience and increase its functionality and flexibility. Moreover, BBVA intended to allow its customers incorporate their banking information from other their accounts in other financial institutions. This last functionality was a unique service in retail banking. Given that the bank was financially and expertise constrained, it decided to

Leadership and Business Improvement Research Paper

Leadership and Business Improvement - Research Paper interpreterLeaders form an environment where quite a little feel free to voice dissent. Leaders do this through actions. A attracter does not fire people as they goofed, and in fact support dissent. Leaders have to reward people for differing, to reward modernism, and to ensure failure. Leaders link all these with forming a swear atmosphere but most of the trust comes not from a fastidious technique, but from the character of the leader. To create trust, Leader impoverishments to have following things.First, the leader has to have the capacitance. The employees have to trust his or her ability to do the job. Secondly, people atomic number 18 anxious with congruity that a leader is a person of reliability. If you are an effective leader, what you say is compatible with what you do, and that is similar to what you feel, and that sequentially is similar to your vision. Third, people desire a feeling that the leader is on their side that he or she will be stable. They want to distinguish that in the heat of battle their leader will support them, protect them and endure with what they require to win. Lastly, leaders, they trust need to care about the lives of the people with whom they are working, need to understand with them. Leaders also show care concerning the illusions of his or her actions and the consequences of decisions. Capability, congruity, and loyalty, and being thoughtful is the quality a leader that must symbolize in order for trust to be formed in a group. It gets a long time to generate and maintain. It takes take place interactions. Leaders are primarily the results leaning individuals in the world, and results get consideration. Their visions or objectives are persuasive and drag people toward them. Intensity coupled with obligation is alluring. These healthful personalities do not have to force people to focus on they are so intent on what they are doing that, like a boor totally fasc inated with creating a sand castle in a sandbox, they depict others in. All leaders can form a persuasive vision, whizz that takes people to a new place, and then interprets that vision into truth. Peter Drucker said that the first mission of a leader is to describe the vision. Max DePree , CEO of Herman Miller, wrote in Leadership Is an Art, The first responsibility of a leader is to describe reality. The last is to say thank you. In between, the leader is a servant. (Warren G. Bennis, Joan Goldsmith, 1997)Primarily Vision grabs the leader, and the capability to communicate it eventually eases

Three Parables from according to Luke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three Parables from according to Luke - Essay ExampleThe pastor, who was actually the teacher of laws of Moses, broke the same laws by failing to express love and compassion to the injured person. Instead, a man of Samaritan considered being naive about the laws of Moses expresses love and compassion and takes responsibilities of pity for the injured man. Spiritually regarding the parable of the Good Samaritan, a number of lessons build up. The first this parable reminds us that not all who call or urge the word of God depict true salvation. This is evident where the pastor who preaches the word of God passes by the side of the injured man who is actually enduring a mess hall of pain. Spiritually, the pastor should be the very first person to help any individual undergoing particular problem without regard to any form diversity. The mixed-up sheep While using this parable, the Nazarene intended to define the qualities of a true church leader. Jesus defines a good leader as one who knows and value all the subjects in equal measures. It is therefore the responsibility of a leader to look and bring grit any lost subject without just guidance on the many. Jesus also intended to encourage church leaders to extend their ministries outside the church and identify, preach and covert other individuals grappling in sin (Luke 15.1-7). The spiritual significance of this parable is that it reminds human nature of the great compassion and care Jesus has over our souls. This parable further assures us that Jesus considers every single soul as of great importance and significance to the Heavenly Kingdom. Being a shepherd, he moved from heaven to earth to await and restore every lost soul back to heavenly paradise of the Lord. The act of the shepherd leaving the ninety-nine sheep to look for the one lost sheep is a reminder for devoted Christians to maintain unity and help each other on their way to heaven. This unity is fundamental in enhancing cohesion among Christia ns despite the absence of church leaders and pastors. The prodigal son The general teachings of Jesus from the parable of the prodigal son revolve around forgiveness, reconciliation, and disadvantages of being wealth centered. Nothing should blank out us or act as impedance to our wish of forgiving and reconciling with our adversaries. The parable also teaches us not to celebrate about the reverse and fall of others. Logically, the father of the two sons was not happy when the younger son demanded for getance particularly money, and his departure to the far country. Being that the father had a lot of wealth including land and servants, the departure of the younger son with his monetary inheritance only must have been pleasure to the older son for he would inherit other remaining wealth. However sad about the departure of the son with a lot of wealth and then returning with nothing, the father still forgave and welcomed back his younger son with a lot of joy and celebrations (Luk e 1517-20). The older son, who might have considered the departure of his younger brother as the basis of his victory and prosperity considering the immense wealth remaining, ended up tormented over the return of the brother. The younger son who viewed wealth as more precious than traffic did regretted for his mistakes when he finished all the money with returning back home being the only option. Spiritually, the parable could be teaching us to ignore and by chance not toil in concentrating

Review of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty - Essay ExampleSubsequent to that, she begins to consider it a ghost. Later, she concludes that it was a scare crow. After moving from there, she goes to the ravine and she drinks water. While meditating, a big black dog attacks her. Interestingly, that big black dog does not further chase genus Phoenix as soon as she throws a cane at the dog. Subsequently, a white man appears with a chained dog. He talks to her. And, at more or less point of time, she becomes so courageous to face the threat of a pointed gun raised by the white man. In the later part of story, she comes to meet her grandson. This broad(a) story does not depict a reality. Had she wanted to meet her grandson, what caused her to go to hill, go to the field of dead corn, and the ravine? At some point, she becomes so bold to pull away an attacking dog Works cited Welty, Eudora, A Worn Path, New York Times, 1941, Available at http//www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/41feb/wornpat h.htm accessed on 20 July, 2011

Valourec Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Valourec Case Analysis - Essay ExampleThe adoption of better technology in the production process give up stunning result in its outcome. If the company chooses most feasible and comfortable mode of production in its operation, they can come up with unique singularity to the market with modest feature.However its implementation process requires high constitute and it cannot affordable to the small and medium scale endeavor due to heavy initial investment. Vallourec was a well motivated a strong personality who inclinati cardinald to upgrade his production in to world class.The present world is considered as the era of science and technology. indeed due to his well wish, his company could reach countries top most metal tubing manufacturer within a short time. The chemical and gas region requires a huge investment, Technology, Skilled labor and mechanism. If the company fol pocket-sizes modern technology and unique production method, they can come up with most efficient low cos t product in to the market. The quickest process called by the injunction molding process, which is a highly developed technology adopted by the Vallourec below its steel production process. So here the company was highly interested in developing the quickset process to reduce the production process and to sum up the efficiency in the production process. Yet it is a unique production method and it is a adoptable to the metals due to its microscopic layer. The development of technology whitethorn incur several time with different stages throughout the process. However the strong desire of the management helped the company to become one of the major manufacturers of metal tubes in the country. However this case study is an attempt to give information on the adoption of modern technology and unique production method than the traditional method of production. Hence this case study reveals the truth, which is involved in the production process by the application of best practice in its operation. Identification of key issues, troubles, and opportunities and rating of alternative strategic approaches to deal with the identified problemsVellores Venture case is one of the most successful cases in the Metal melting process industry. The ultimate aim of every business magnate is to maximize their wealth with a limited risk and prospects. So they require higher return to their heavy investment with in a limited period. Hence the business would modify according to its area of business and the best available methods to operate. Similarly in this case they corporation utilise several techniques and methods to get higher return and outcome with a limited effort than the market competitor. The technological innovation gives most suitable and feasible resoluteness to the conventional method of production, where the company can avoid the traditional method of production and come up with unique product to the market. Due to its operation it whitethorn suffer several inter nal as well as the external problems. Let us evaluate the main problems and how it helped to the Vellores venture to become no one metal producer in the country. Similar to the other metal melting industry the Vellores has its own issues and problems in the business mater. Yet the company could manage the problem with its effective future plans and strategies. The first and foremost issues related to the process are raising cost. The cost problem is common to almost all business enterprise in the world. However the cost is the major problem and it caused to rise in its price. The rising in the general price of Gas and its material would be a great burden to the Vellores industry. The slumping sales in the major market hit a heavy burden to the company due to constant increase in the operational cost. So it leads the company in to the situation, where it couldnt estimate the operational cost of its north steel process. Yet on the ultimate stage it could recover its cost in to profita ble on due to fell in the oil price in 1979. However it is generally reflecting the issues that the company had been following the conventional

To what extent does misbehaviour in organisations represent a Assignment

To what extent does misbehaviour in organisations represent a challenge to managerial authorityDiscuss, with the aid of relevant examples and theories - subsidisation ExampleFrom my personal experience during my convocation work allegement, there were instances where stem members misbehaved and challenged the authority of the leader. When the group was being formed, as Schwartz (2005, pp. 1-2) advices, some ground rules were made and all(prenominal) group member was expected to adhere to these rules. However, one of the most common misbehaviors was concerned with some members failing to do contribute anything towards the group work (Borg et.al 2011, p. 113). For example, during group meetings, we would discuss the issues to be covered before the next meeting and every member would be expected to make a contribution. However, some of the members would fail to do any research and would come to the next meeting with nothing to show.We realized that the cause of much(prenominal) mi sbehavior was the failure by the group leader to assign specific duties to specific members. The theory of labor process analysis can be used to explain such an occurrence. As Braverman (1974, p. 52) writes, management is able to conceal productivity by ensuring that labor is well divided within the organization. Accordingly, in subsequent group meetings, we would discuss the issues to be handled before the next meeting and to each one member would be given a specific assignment to complete and present to the group. Consequently, it was much easier for the group leader to exercise control over the groups productivity with everyone having a particular task to execute (Stewart, 2014, p. 14).In the course of working as a group, I also noticed that in some cases, some members were not willing to accept the individual weaknesses of others within the group. Clearly, group works bring together people with different personalities and capabilities and expect such people to work harmoniousl y. In our group, there were those people who paid more attention to detail than

Ethics of Merci Killing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics of Merci Killing - Essay ExamplePeople argue that if legalized the choice of their life will be given to other people who may use it unethically to kill those whom they have a bias against. Another reason is regarding the religious aspect of life. near religions see life as a gift from God and do not give a man the authority to take life at his own will.The word Euthanasia means a good end,beneficial death or a dignified death. Euthanasia can be practiced in a number of ways adept can be defined as passive Euthanasia which is carried out to hasten the death of a person. For example by removing a patient from life support or in some cases by stopping food and water or any sort of medicine which is helping to keep the patient alive.The controversy surrounding Euthanasia can be broadly categorized into ii arguments, one in favor of Euthanasia and the other against it. We will briefly shed light on both of these arguments.Pro-lifers readily agree that anyone should have the ri ght to avert medical treatment if he believes the side effects, whether pain or the burden of being tied to some machine or whatever is worse than the disease. This includes two types of people, One People who, perhaps because of a serious illness or perhaps for reasons unrelated to their illness, are extremely depressed and say they want to live and Two People who are suffering from illnesses that make them unable to communicate. This includes people who are in a coma, or paralyzed, or simply so demented and weak that they cannot make meaningful sounds or other communication. The pro-euthanasia people say that such patients quality of life is so low that they are better get through dead and they should be killed.People who argue against euthanasia say that if legalized it can become an issue of cost containment and government saving rather than providing long call care to serious patients or those who do not have health insurance.

Weapons of mass destruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Weapons of mass final stage - Essay ExampleIt makes other states in the macrocosm fear the state which possesses it. The states which atomic number 18 known as super powers in the world possess these kind of weapons. The weapons argon deadly in nature and earth-closet kill millions of people. However on the other hand it pulverises the whole peace in the world. It not only disturbs the peace of this world but also destroys the sweet environment prevailing in this world. Nowadays the weapons of mass destruction have expanded so much that they atomic number 18 falling the wrong hands. And steps are being taken to ascertain that these weapons are in safe hands. The Weapons of Mass Destruction have both pros and cons. This article would further review the weapons of mass destruction in accordance to the world and environment. It would describe the advantages and disadvantages of these weapons. (Rivera 2004)Weapons of mass destruction are of many kinds like nuclear, biological, che mical and radiological. These weapons are made from the natural organisms or toxins and are made with an intention to harm or kill the opponent or enemy. These weapons are made from different elements and techniques but all of these kinds are created to kill and destroy the rivals. These weapons are capable to kill a large number of people and possess such a great power that these can destruct a vast area of land (Simons, Johnson 2002).The weapons of mass destruction can be segmented as being nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological. The chemical weapons are the ones which release gas, liquids and aerosols. They are of a lethal nature and are a threat to the people. These chemical weapons are of different types. One is the type which releases in the environment quickly and does not long for a great time. However the other type gets released in the environment steadily and lasts for decades. This type of chemical weapons is known to be very lethal for people. The chemical weapo ns act on the internal

Short writing assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short writing assignments - Essay ExampleThis new technology will offer a solution to the repugn most webcam users face due to the impossibility of having an eye contact with the person one is chatting with. In addition, users will not need to face the camera. This transparent convey utilizes a small amount of the light passing through it, and focuses it to the ends of the sheets. This has different sensors, whose role will be to form the throw, which hits the sheet. However, this image sensor, like other cameras at present still needs focusing.Presently, the resolution of this image sensor is still being worked on. So far, it is limited, and only produces images that are not up to standard. This is in addition to practically noise that it produces in the process. However, as the scientists continue working on this, all these issues will be resolved to produce a to a greater extent reliable image sensor, which is expected to be adopted by more people, since it is a new technolog y.The scientific process surrounding this new technology is quite complicated, as explained in the article. However, I find this whole idea brilliant and fascinating. I love photos and therefore, I believe this new technology will be much embraced by people, who also like photos. Nonetheless, the benefits this technology carries will make even more people to like photos, since this will be easy to use, and will produce more quality

Statue of Liberty Essay Example for Free

Statue of conversance EssayA universal symbol of democracy and freedom, The Statue of Liberty, is a gift of family from the France people to the United States people. The Statue of Liberty enlightening the globe was devoted on 28th October, 1886. In 1924, The Statue of Liberty was designated and selected as a National Monument. The meaning of The Statue of Liberty is Liberty Enlightening the World and is an enormous neoclassical monument in New York Harbor on Liberty Island. It was designed by the Frederic Bartholdi and it is a jut of female. The female represents the Roman Goddess of Freedom, Libertas, who puts up with a tablet inducing the law (tabula ansata) and a torch. When you look at it, I can feel it tells me a lashings of things Liberty, freedom, power to take on the world. And win.On the tabula ansata, 4th July, 1776, the American Declaration of Independence date is emblazoned. At the feet of the Statue of Liberty lies a broken chain. The Statue of Liberty is a con vivial signal to the immigrants that are arriving from overseas and it is an icon of the United States and its freedom. The height of the Statue of Liberty is 151ft that is 46.5 meters and along with the pedestal the statue reaches a height of 305 ft that is 93 meters . wrong the statue there are 354 stairs that end at the crown from where a nice view of the New York is available (WHC, 2013). The Statue of Liberty Ellis Island Foundation (SOLEIF) founded by the chair Ronald Reagan in 1982. This was done to start a classified division attempt to lift resources for the re-establishment and safeguarding of the Ellis Island and Statue of Liberty.The Foundation initially began the renovation of the Statue of Liberty along with the National putting green Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. This was done because the statue needs refurbishment due to a century of sightseeing and weather pollution. On 4th July, 1986, a three day compositors case was celebrated on the restoration of the statue. This weekend was also named as the Liberty Weekend by the President Francois and President Reagan (NPS, 2013). The Statue of Liberty is an icon and symbol of multinational friendship, companionship and alliance of the United States and France. It describes the liberty and freedom of the people of United States. The Statue of Liberty is an emblem of warm welcome to the people coming from overseas and abroad. To me bird Liberty was meant to stand for the opportunity afforded to all who either came here or were born here. All that was required was the willingness to work,strive,and dream of a better day.ReferencesNPS (2013) write up of the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc., retrieved from http//statueofliberty.org/Statue_History.html NPS (2013) History of the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc., retrieved from http//statueofliberty.org/Foundation.html NPS (2013) Statue of Liberty National Monument N ew York. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior, retrieved from http//www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm WHC (2013) Statue of Liberty. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, retrieved from http//whc.unesco.org/en/list/307

APA citation and zotero Essay Example for Free

APA honorable mention and zotero Essay1. A general res earch s hows type of statement that is supported by at least three different sources (e.g., three research articles)Zotero is an extension of Firefox web browser that enables users to save on books, article and other materials on which one is able to retrieve their citations (Morton, 2011 Vanhecke, 2008 Lewis, 2008) 2. A paraphrased sentence citing a single source with three to six authorsZotero retrieve and imports citation information from a number of sources such as newspaper, and commercial Web sites, and Web-based databases such as PubMed (Trinoskey, Brahmi, Gall, 2009, p. 225). 3. A subsequent sentence citing the same source as in Step 2 that correctly uses et alAir pollution is low in developed countries comap ared to industrialised countries where it is high as evidenced by particular locations in Canada (Hystad et al, 2011, p. 1128). 4. A short quoted passage that is cited correctly. Make sure to includ e the page number and place the punctuation correctlyHe argues that, Zoteros note-taking property is very practical. Users can enter small notes on a particular reference by simply typing in an input field. These notes are saved automatically and organized in conjunction with the citation information, (Vanhecke, 2008, p. 275). 5. A second quoted passage that is 40 words long or longer, which is formatted correctly as a block quote and cited correctly with the page number and punctuation placed correctlyHe explains how Zotero note taking works Zoteros note-taking feature is very practical. Users can enter small notes on a particular reference by simply typing in an input field. In addition, Zotero is corporate with Microsoft Word and other word processors and works in all computers formats (PC, Mac, and Linux). Features such as formatted citation export make it very simple for users to create a list of references in the perfect format desired for a manuscript or other use. User s can create a reference list by dragging and dropping citations, (Vanhecke, 2008 p. 275)ReferencesHystad, P., Setton, E., Cervantes, A., Poplawski, K., Deschenes, S., Brauer, M., Demers, P.(2011). Creating National Air Pollution Models for Population Exposure Assessment in Canada. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(8), 1128Lewis, L. A. (2008). From the Front Lines An Academic Librarian Reports on the Impact ofAPAs New Electronic References Guidelines. Reference User Services Quarterly, 48(2), 128-131.Morton, A. (2011). Digital Tools Zotero and Omeka. Journal Of American History, 98(3), 952Trinoskey, J., Brahmi, F. A., Gall, C. (2009). Zotero A Product Review. Journal Of ElectronicResources In medical checkup Libraries, 6(3), 225.Vanhecke, T. E. (2008). Zotero. Journal Of The Medical Library Association, 96(3), 275Source document

Unilateral Decision Making in Human Resources

Unilateral Decision Making in Human ResourcesHuman resource counselling is a series of activities which dupe outset enable come upon watering(a) people and the shaping which physical exercises their skills to hold about the objectives and nature of their working relationship and secondly, ensure that the agreement is fulfilled Torrington and H only (2002 13). There has been an argumentation about who are the decision makers in the organisation. Is it the Management who are responsible for strategy forming and implementing the strategy or is it the employees who are the life line of the organisation who create the knowledge about the product. Who are best capable of reservation the decisions? In the essay thither is the discussion about the various perspectives and the way decisions are taken. A brief introduction of three types of perspectiveUnitary Perspective A Unitary perspective has one source of spot and one focus of loyalty, which is wherefore it suggests team an alogy. Each accepts his place and his functions gladly, take aftering the leadership of the one so appointed. Fox (1966) ( pg 2).Pluralistic Perspective A Pluralist frame of reference recognises that the legitimacy and acknowledgment of vocation union in our society rests not upon their protective function in advertize markets or upon their success, real or supposed, in raising the shell out enjoyed by their members, but on social values which recognise the right of interest-group to combine and put one over an effective voice in their sustain destiny. This means having a voice in decision making.Marxist Perspective the Marxist perspective sees the execute and institution of joint regulation as an enhancement rather that decline in managements position at best they provide but limited and temporary accommodation of the inherent and fundamental division within capitalist base work and social structure.In the essay we would be concentrating much on unitary perspective and p luralistic perspective as they deport closer relevance to the statement/argument. The essay gives the outline of how various perspectives effect the decision making process. The effects of various factors on factors same employee relations, employee contract, art regulations, and perspectives necessitate been discussed even outing them with a a couple of(prenominal) examples.The corporation is the master, the employee is the servant. Because the corporation owns the means of work without which the employee could not make a living, the employee subscribe tos the corporation more than vice versa.Peter Drucker Business Capitalism kick the bucketManagement regards its own slanted decision-making over Human Resource issue as lawful and rational whatever opposition to it, either intrinsic or outside(a) to the organisation, is seen as irrational.Managements unilateral decision making over Human Resource issue is rightful(a) and rational can be accepted only if the empl oyer and employee feel that they are one big family (unitary perspective). As fox has summarised that the unitary perspective can be justified when employees and employers declare a common death and objective i.e., to maximise the success of the organisation and workers go forthingly accept to obey the decision taken by the management. Armstrong (1999) says that the philosophy of Human Resource Management with its fury on commitment and mutuality is based on the unitary perspective.fox also states that in unitary perspective there are no teams. Nor are they whatever outside it the team stands alone, the members (employees) have an obligation of loyalty to their leader Fox (1966) (p.03). wherefore from the above references it is go past that the decision taken by the management is legitimate and rational and its the duty of the employees to follow it without opposing it. The employers are responsible for the effective running of the organisation and they would have a long term plans of the organisation and the decisions would be taken according to the familiarity vision and objectives. The employees need to understand that the employers would always think to better the company and maximize the profits, opposing decisions taken by them would not only be disloyalty shown towards the organisation but also unethical practise to go against the people who have provided them with food and shelter which are the basic needs (Maslows hierarchy). The above statement is very strong in countries like India where the business unions have more political view than the welfare of the members of the trade unions. The trade unions go on strikes just to overpower the management. States like West Bengal where the trade unions have the upper hand to the management. That is the main reason why no multinational company wants to set up their base in west Bengal. Whereas states like Karnataka where the unions are discouraged have come up because the IT industry does not encourag e trade unions. It may not affect the Industry, but there would be change in the perception and image of the industry if trade unions are introduced. We must badly consider whether it is the right time to have trade unions in the IT sector. It might hurt the industry Kris Gopalakrishnan, CEO MD, Infosys Technologies (Forbes rated Infosys among the 5 best performing companies in the software and services sector in the world). The success of the organisation has been unitarist go up. Unitary perspective also overcomes the problems of disputes between rivalry unions. In this system the accountability becomes clear because everyone is assigned a responsibility.Unitary perspective near towards job regulation is unilateral in internal regulations. A unitary approach manager takes all the decisions without the consultation of the employees as the employer would know best for the employees. If the decision would be put forward to the employees there would be conflicts of interest. For example during the recent recession period, when the companies had to lay off employees it would not be advisable for the organisation to consult its union about whom and how many are to be re chance ond. The union which is formed for the welfare of the employees would not agree to such decisions and hence it would result in strikes (Jet Airways employees calling for a strike because 150 of its employees were given the pink slip. The organisation was going through huge losses and the only way it would reduce its loss would be by reducing its man power which was not accepted by the Union, hence it resulted in strike). accordingly it is necessary for an organisation to limits the powers of trade unions in decision making. When the Theory X and Theory Y- Mc Gregors is taken into consideration it proves that employees of Theory X would oppose any decision taken by the management as the employees under theory X dislike work and do not care about the organisation goals. Thereby it beco mes necessary for the management to take the decisions and employees opposing it are seen as irrational. But the organisation does not have any control over the external Job Regulations because external job regulation consists of forces which are partially outside the enterprise. Therefore, the organisation does not have complete control over the external job regulation.In context with the labour contract, the unitary perspective manager recruits the employees for a particular assignment and when an employee enters into a contract with the employer its his/her duty/responsibility to follow instructions given by the employer, as the statement refers anyone opposing it is seen as irrational would be true because when an employee goes against the contract it is irrational or not fulfilling the terms of the contract. The method of negotiations and bargaining is not encouraged in unitary perspective because the organisations face the problem of firstly recognizing the right union (mult iple numbers of unions in an organisation has increased). Therefore the only way to solve this problem would be non recognition of unions. If the management needs to make unilateral decisions which has to be accepted by the employees the decision makers need to have a few traits in them. Firstly they should have a problem solving ability and how they can fit into the wider scheme. Secondly they should have a strong desire to achieve the goals, they should be self confident and self disciplined, they should have the ability to listen and communicate effectively. Finally they should be analytical and effectual (not to intelligent). Robert.H. David Wilson. Managing organisations. (Pg198)When Unitarism is related to the labour process it becomes clear that the management has the whole authority to make all the decisions because in it is perceived that all the raw materials, means of production and the product of labour belongs to the management. Therefore the decisions taken by the ma nagement are legitimate and rational as they own everything and anyone opposing would be considered as irrational. The statement holds true in this status because once a person/organisation is the owner of a particular thing, he/they should have the freedom to do what he/they want to do with it, without anyones interference. When there is a problem with the organisation it is the management that is held responsible for it. For example even if an employee has faulted in his work and the customer may have some problem with it is the organisation that has to pay the compensation to the customers not the employee.The statement is only applicable for a unitary approach organisation but it has its own draw backs which are low employee morale, low productivity and absenteeism, negative attitude towards work/ job, management rivalry, disagreement, incompatibility, incongruence. There may be various reasons for the following. But to annul the following there has to be a two way communicati on between the employee and the employer. The above theory can be accepted but to a certain extent as the external factors cannot be controlled by the organisation. Factors like supply, demand, government policies all play a major contribution in the working of an organisation. Therefore external factors cannot be considered as irrational. The organisation needs to be flexible and change accordingly to the change in external factors. According to Dunlop (1950) industrial relations system consists of three agents management organizations, workers and formal/informal ways they are organized and government agencies. The Dunlops model gives great significance to external or environmental forces. In other words, management, labor, and the government possess a shared ideology that defines their roles within the relationship and provides stability to the system. The Dunlops theory projects that all the actors have to a common understanding they cannot work without each others support. Th e effect of a decision taken will have an effect on the other actors therefore considering there interference is irrational will not help in the smooth running of the organisation. This is the reason why trade unions were formed which represents the employees. Trade unions have been value by all the governments. In a free market unions are encouraged as it is a symbol of democracy which allows the employees the right of expression. In the modern-day day business there are new techniques like Delphi method Quality Circles are introduced for the betterment of the organisation. This shows employee participation in the decision making process of the management has become very important therefore the management considering any opposition from the employees as irrational will be wrong.A unitary approach becomes really hard when the company is a Multi National Company, because the business market would be different in different countries therefore having a unilateral approach may not sui te the organisation. To gain a competitive edge the organisation needs to make the best use of its resources and there are more chances of mis communications in unitary approach, which may result into conflicts.A pluralistic perspective completely agrees with the above utter statement as a pluralistic manager believes conflicts are inevitable. It is something that cannot be avoided. The only way the conflicts can be solved is by collective bargaining. In a collective bargaining, its a Win-Win situation for both the employers and the employees. It keeps the morale high and even the productivity high. Therefore considering any interference of the employees of the organisation as irrational cannot be justified, its the right of the employee to have a say in the decision taken by the employer as it will be the employees who would be following those decisions. Ex. If an employer decides to extend the shift (working hours) it has to be consulted with the employees as it will be them who would be working for long hours. If the decision is taken without consultation it would result in conflicts. Every organisation has a member representation of the employees because the organisations have understood the importance of employee satisfaction. Therefore the above statement cannot be agreed on if the organisation follows pluralistic approach. Workers in various countries have been opposing the unilateral decision making process. They feel the managers have been mis using their powers. Even though the management owns the organisation it can only debauch the labour power it cannot buy labour because labour is not saleable, therefore the management can restrict its decisions to labour power not labour. Therefore any decision taken which affects the labour can be opposed and it would be considered as rational.When pluralism is related to job regulation as stated by Bean (2000) (p.370) it is generally conceded in the giving democratic world that working people should have t he right to participate in the making of decisions that critically affect their working lives. From the above quote it shows the importance of employee involvement in the decision making process. The employers need to understand that employees play a major role in functioning of the organisation, by involving them into the decision making process not only increases the motivation of the employees but also increase the productivity of the employees. In the modern techniques there are various methods follow like to increase employee participation in the organisation. It may sometimes result in new fresh ideas which may work in favour of the organisation. Therefore considering ideas from the employees spot making decision can be very useful. Sometimes these ideas may contradict the decisions of the management, the management needs to analyse the suggestion and implement it if it is for the betterment of the organisation. The management cannot consider these ideas as irrational.While making rules for the organisations various factors influence them, factors like State, the availability of labour. Supply and demand etc. play a crucial role and none of them can be considered as irrational when they oppose the decisions made by the organisation.The draw backs with pluralistic approach would be rivalry between the trade unions, it makes it hard for the organisation to negotiate when there are more than one trade unions and hence the unions and the management would loose valuable time and money in negotiating the problems. It is the duty of the unions to act as a mediator between the employees and management, but the unions have become so political that they just see how the party(the political) party they represent is benefitted. Example. TATA Nano project was shifted from Singhur (West Bengal, India) to Gujarat (India) because the opposition party wanted to put the ruling government down. There was loss of employment for the state (west Bengal) when the company mad e the decision to move out, and the union did not achieve any gain out of it. Therefore it can be concluded that the unions no longer work for the welfare of the employees, they have diverted themselves to work for the political party that is supporting them.The Marxist approach states that the management makes profit by exploiting the labourers, i.e. by paying them low wage compared to the work they have done.ConclusionFrom the above arguments and analysis it becomes clear that the argument is an Management regards its own unilateral decision-making over Human Resource issue as legitimate and rational any opposition to it, either internal or external to the organisation, is applicable only in Unitary Perspective but this can be implemented in very Public/Private sectors. Some organisations have been successful after adopting such approach but this method cannot be adopted in all sectors as in this fast growing business world and the rate of attrition increasing it becomes very esse ntial for an organisation to take care of its employees and other concerns which are attached to the company, considering their opposition as irrational can be very easily be a reason for the hurriedness of the organisation. An organisation may enjoy supreme authority when they have a unitary approach but the organisation to decide its transfers and promotions very carefully. It would play a major role because if a manager is recruited from outside the organisation may not be able to adapt to the organisations culture and there would be prescribed oppositions for his decisions.From the above essay we can argue that no one type of perspective is suitable for all organisations. Some companies may adopted a particular perspective and been successful but it does not confirm that all companies will be successful by following such a perspective. An organisation may have both Theory X category employees and even Theory Y category employees, it is the responsibility of the managers to use the resources available and make the best use of them.To conclude from the above essay it can be concluded that an organisation needs to be flexible but also needs to have authority over its employees. The management needs to take suggestion from its employees but the final decision needs to be taken by the management and its the duty of the employees to follow the decisions as they are under contract/agreement with the employer to render there services to the organisation. The management can have complete control over its internal part of the organisation and anyone opposing it would be going against the contract therefore can be considered as irrational but this can be said the same towards the external forces, the management does not have complete control over them, and considering their opposition as irrational would not be appropriate. Both the perspectives have their own advantages and disadvantages, its the responsibility of the management to balance their business and make profits after all- The only and only social responsibility of a business is to make profits- Milton Friedman (Noble Prize in economics).

Media Essays Media Fiction Fact

Media Essays Media Fiction FactMedia Fiction FactMedia portrayals of rightfulness, be they fiction or incident, argon inevitably distortions of materiality. Discuss with summons to the modules readings and, if relevant, illustrate with specific patterns drawn from the seminarsIntroductionI think we do- nonhing say that the globes attitude to the criminal justness musical arrangement is greatly, probably dominantly, touched and influenced by what they read in novelspapers, hear on radio, watch on television and, now of course, see on the internet. In other words the media. As the n iodined jural journalist, Marcel Berlins explains, the media has become a positionful and significant source of ratified teaching and a path by which private perceptions some the soundity are formed and shaped.The concern however, is that the media is also commensurate of persuading people to adopt and give noticeorse notions around the efficacious strategy that are based on miscon ceptions, fabricated facts or prejudice. By using various images and sounds the media is able to influence the humanitys reaction to legal issues, and convince the universal to accept the medias distorted perspective.The question then becomes whether all media representations are a distortion of ingenuousness or whether the media is also capable of accurately portraying the police force. Information and representations become distorted when they are presented in a manner that is misleading and inconsistent with their original form. The case of Caesar Barber is a clear illustration of medias ability to present the police in a manner that falls within the definition of distortion.Caesar Barber commenced a sieve action uprightnesssuit against various fast food restaurants for conk outing to inform the exoteric about the harmful risks associated with the consumption of fast food. Although, the aim of the lawsuit was to nip and tuck public awareness and attempt to make braggi ng(a) corporations legally accountable for their pervasive deceptions, the media, in an attempt to root for readers, employ various tactics to bring d induce the importance and socio-legal implications of the case. Various newspapers and reputable journalists used catchy phrases, humorous pictures and witty headlines to give the paper an entertainment quality and create market value.According to near commentators, the media must resort to these theatrical antics and melodramatic techniques in order to retain its mass appeal. As Margaret Thornton notes, the media are forced to present distorted images of the legal system in order to secure ratings and retain its power and influence over the public Accurate portrayals, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the American TV series, stem Chase, which was located in a law school, support had to be withdrawn because of their unpopularity.Similarly, the exploration and explication of legal doctrine are considered to be too dull and By zantine for popular media. Thus, as a business, the media responds to market pressures by employing various tactics to attract consumers including using misleading headlines and false images to incite emotional responses.It is precisely because the media picks and chooses what to taper on, that they inevitably misrepresent the law and blur the line between fact and fiction. Events are defined as being fictitious if they are untrue, imaginary or based on a false picture. Although the term fiction is usually equated with the imagination, fictitious up to nowts can include real people and experiences, but are in the first place viewed as a form of entertainment.In contrast, a fact is usually equated with truth and reality and is defined in law as a thing that is indisputably the case or the truth about events as opposed to interpretation. The distinction between fact and fiction is fading as reality is adequate more fictionalized through the medias use of narrative devices such a s metaphors. It is the medias ability to present their version of the story in a veridical manner that makes it difficult for the public to discern the truth.Although there is strong support for the tilt that media portrayals of the law, be they fiction or fact, are inevitably distortions of reality, the real issue is whether this is indeed a cause for concern. M all media critics are concerned that the media go out inevitably lowmine the publics confidence in the judiciary, lawyers and the legal system.This anxiety is founded on the idea that the media is the chief or sole source of legal education, and that auditions are incapable of resisting media influences in formulating their minds about the law. The aim of this paper therefore, will be to explore the relationship between the media and the law, and examine the ways in which the media distorts the law through representations of reality based on fact and fiction. The last donation of the paper will be devoted to examini ng whether or not the medias ability to misrepresent the law is indeed as problematic and worrisome as it first appears.Relationship between the media and the lawThe media and the law are inextricably linked in a number of ways. Firstly, the media is the subject of legal discourse. Lawyers, judges and policy makers are constantly involved in the regulation of different forms of media such as the radio, television, newspapers, and the internet. Media regulation has become an important legal issue and attempts turn over been make to develop rules restricting media content and to determine who should have control over the production of media forms.Secondly, the law and media are connected through media communications about the law and legal events. Whether it is an advertisement for a law firm, a reality courtroom programme, a newspaper article on a current legal event, or an internet blog on a controversial legal issue, the media is a constant source of legal information. Although t he law is probably almost visible in highly institutionalized places such as the courts, law firms and police stations, it is also present through media representations of abomination and arbitrator.It is through media portrayals of law that the relationship between the law and media manifests itself. As Sheila Br bear states, By depicting the processes of law and justice within the dramatic conventions of reality TV, courtroom soap opera, the voyeurism of human interest, and the aesthetics of visuality, media culture and the law sometimes appear to become indivisible domains.The relationship between the media and the law is further strengthened by the fact that both are present in our bothday lived experience. A common sense approach to understanding the concept of the everyday livelihood suggests that it is the routine act of conducting ones day-to-day foundation. Based on this view, the everyday is simply a representation of individual experiences that impact on the formati on of ones opinions and identity.Since the everyday life is interweave into human experience it is both patently obvious and hidden because it is often taken-for-granted. As Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns note, quoting from Schutz and Luckmanns Structures of the Life World, The world of everyday life is consequently mans fundamental and par pith realityIt is the unexamined ground of everything given in my experiencethe taken-for-granted frame in which all the problems which I must overcome are placed.The law is representative of the everyday life because it is an integral small-arm of our passing(a) routine and plays a significant role in various aspects of our life such as our family, career, community and education. From filing for divorce, to claiming internal harassment in the workplace, or to suffering an injury at the hands of a drunk driver we encounter the law on a daily basis in its various shapes and forms.It is precisely because the law is an integral part of our e very day experience that it becomes a dominant source of know guidege that helps shape experiences, interpretations, and understandings of social life. However, because the law is a component of ones daily routine and habits, people are more often than not unaware of the laws influence over their daily experiences and conceptions of social life.The same principle can be said to apply to the media. Like the law, the media penetrates our daily lives, helps make grow our understanding of social reality, and its influence and power in shaping individual perceptions of the world is frequently ignored. Thus, the media are often viewed as both entertainers and an agents of socialization who play a significant role in shaping the publics understanding of the law and legal processes.As a dominant source of legal information, the media is often viewed as the primary means by which the law is able to become a part of the everyday life. The media educates the public about lawyers, judges and criminals and provides its own perspective on what the law is and how it works. It is the medias ability to teach us about the law that has led legal scholars to critically examine the relationship between the media and the law. The concern is that the medias use of sensationalized headlines not only misinforms the public by presenting distorted images of legal reality but also undermines the publics confidence in the legal system.Media distorts legal realityOn January 25, 2007, one of the BBC news headlines read, Risk of suffering umbrage rises The risk of becoming a victim of annoyance in England and Wales is rising for the first time since 1995, figures suggest. Anyone reading this headline would automatically be under the impression that, according to official figures, crime is on the rise and is a severe issue in England. The problem with this headline and other newspaper enunciates about crime is that it does not accurately reflect the reality of criminal behaviour.Statis tical evidence produced and gathered by the Home Office indicates that contrary to the BBC report, uncivilised crime has fallen or remained stable since 1995. Furthermore, any rises in crime can be attributed to procedural disparities arising from the number of crimes reported and recorded by the police in any particular year. Although the text of the BBC article makes reference to these findings, noting that the increase in crime is still lower than the total percent recorded in 1995, this information is contained further down in the text of the article.Thus, the large number of readers who merely skim newspaper headlines will be misled into thinking that the general level of crime in England is increasing. This suggests that what the media chooses to focus on can give rise to public misconceptions about the criminal justice system. The question then is if the media has such a large impact on peoples perceptions about the law, then why do they insist on distorting representations of crime?People generally use their keep time to engage in activities that are both relaxing and fun and that help them unwind from the stresses of everyday life. During these leisurely moments, people generally watch television, get wind to the radio, surf the internet, or read the newspaper.In this way, the media is often viewed as a pastime, as both a source of entertainment and a means by which one is able to distract oneself from the complexities of life. As McQuail states, The media are often sought out precisely as an alternative to and an escape from reality.What people await to forget during their leisurely pursuits is that the media is still a business, whose primary goal is to sell the product of entertainment and information to its consumers. The media is subject to various market pressures and as such its principle objective is to generate profits by using a variety of techniques to attract consumers. Since the medias principle objective is to sell its product, the m edia is not pore on representing a true pattern of what is going on in the world.As was seen with the BBC news headline, the media use various marketing tools such as sensationalized headlines to attract its audience. Events are only reported in the media if they resonate with the public and attract viewers. As is illustrious by McQuail, The simple fact that the mass media are generally oriented to the interest of their audiences as consumers of information and entertainment can easily account for most of the evidence of reality distortion.A clear example of media distortion is the fact that the press only concentrates on a small number of criminal offences which include serious crimes such as murder and sexual sharpshoot or celebrity crimes. As is noted by Thornton, The dramatic potential of criminal litigation is overwhelmingly preferred, in which everything is biased and distorted for dramatic effect. Within the crime show genre itself, violent crimes are disproportionately ov er represented.Although these types of cases matter, they often leave the viewer with misconceptions realizeing the general level of crime. The modern British Crime Survey indicates that in 2006/2007 the total number of domestic burglary crimes reported by the police was 292.3 thousand compared to the 19.2 thousand reports of crime that constitute serious violence against the person such as homicide or serious wounding.Although the threat of being a victim of burglary is higher than that of homicide, the media tend to focus its reports on violent crimes because the seriousness of these types of offences triggers an emotional response in the viewer thereby increasing media productivity and profits. This type of slanted reporting leads the public to grossly overestimate the amount of serious violent crimes, in relation to all other crimes.As Berlins notes in his lecture, I suppose what Im saying is that the media, in its totality, does probably irreversibly convey a distorted vie w of the state of crime and punishment, that therefore in turn, the public, which takes much of its information as well as its attitudes from the media, holds mislead views on the subject. Thus, while the media only reports that which will give rise to public emotion, the public, who view the media as a primary source of legal information, uses these reports to formulate their own views about the criminal justice system.The insecurity is that this type of reporting will erode the publics confidence in the legal system. As Garapon notes, by placing us under the jurisdiction of the emotions, the media are in fact distancing us from the jurisdiction of the law. Public confidence in the legal system and the judiciary is an important issue. A lack of confidence in state institutions, and in particular the court system, may lead to a form of vigilance man justice.For instance, when Sarah Payne, an eight-year old girl, was sexually assaulted and murdered, the News of the Worlds tabloid m ade a justification for the public endorsement of a law that would allow the public access to a sex offender registry. After the tabloid ran this report, vigilante groups began attacking the homes of families they mistakenly believed were pedophiles. Thus, if the public, through media portrayals, is under the impression that violent crime is on the rise or that the courts and police are not doing enough to keep criminals out of society, then they may attempt to take justice into their own hands.A regular pattern across all research in this area suggests that the majority of the public does not have confidence in the courts particularly in relation to sentencing. Mike Hough and Julian Roberts conducted a study on the sentencing trends in Britain and found that judgesreceived significantly more negative evaluations than any othergroup of criminal justice professionals. The public systematicallyunder-estimate the severity of sentencing patterns, and thisis significantly related to att itudes to sentencers.This lack of confidence appears to emanate from a significant lack of knowledge about how the system works and the levels of sentencing. Since public opinion about the legal system is influenced by media reports about crime, it would follow that the publics ignorance about the judiciary and sentencing is substantially based on media representations which are largely inaccurate. However, not all media portrayals of the law are entirely unfounded or inaccurate.As Berlins notes, I dont want to give the impression that most people get most of their information and opinions from bad fiction on the telly. After all, television also gives us some very good, informative, sober documentaries. However, Berlins goes on to state that while there are accurately depicted representations of crime and justice in the media, viewers tend to not be interested in these shows and they are usually withdrawn because of their unpopularity.The Media distorts the law regardless if they r epresent the facts or fictionsThe issue then is whether the media is incapable of producing legal narratives that are based on facts and not fiction. Recently, the L.A. Times, a predominant American newspaper, released the story of Mychal Bells guilty plea in the Jena Six case. In the Jena Six case, six black teenagers, including Mychal Bell, were accuse of assaulting Justin Baker, a white teenager, at their highschool in Jena, Louisiana.The media claimed that the assault resulted from a racially-motivated incident at the highschool, where three white students hung nooses from a tree that black students were allegedly prohibited from sitting under. Mychal Bell was the only member of the Jena Six group who was charged with attempted murder. Bells charges were subsequently reduced and after imploring guilty to a second-degree battery charge he was sentenced to 18 months in prison.The public viewed Bells prosecution as being excessive and racially discriminatory particularly in compar ison to the way white offenders were treated in similar offences. The L.A. Times coverage of Bells guilty plea sensationalized the issue of racism while at the same time omitting relevant facts relating to Bells sentence. Although the L.A. Times story appears to set out the true facts of the story in relation to Bells sentence, they overlook the fact that Bell had a previous criminal record.Previous convictions on an offenders record is considered an aggravating reckon that the court will take into account when determining an appropriate sentence. Thus, as one commentator notes, the L.A. Times, in addressing the issue of whether the sentence was excessive and racially-motivated, should have noted that information concerning Bells previous convictions was a factor in the sentencing decisionThis is a story about whether a criminal prosecution of raw black males for a violent crime was too harsh. Any responsible story addressing that topic would fully describe the perpetrators crimin al histories especially histories of similar behavior. This information is absolutely vital to assessing whether his treatment at the hands of law enforcement was unnecessarily harsh and by not mentioning his priors, the paper implies to most rational readers that he has no criminal history at all.Assuming the aim of the L.A. Times report was simply to inform readers of novel developments in the Jena Six case, this example demonstrates that by direction on certain facts, at the exclusion of others, the media is able to create a fictional reality which substantiates its own hasty judgments. A local reporter in Jena, Louisiana, commented on the medias coverage of Jena Six and highlighted several myths reported by the media noting The media got most of the basics wrong. In fact, I have never before witnessed such a disgrace in professional journalism.Myths replaced facts, and journalists abdicated their solemn duty to investigate every claim because they were seduced by a powerfully appealing but false narrative of racial injustice. Among the number of facts the media neglected to report was that evidence given by both witnesses and defendants showed that the noose incident, which took place three months prior to the assault of Justin Baker, was not only a prank against a group of white not black students, but was also unrelated to the attack.Thus, the media, by picking which facts to report and by drawing unsubstantiated correlations between various facts, have presented a distorted picture of this case. Although, the facts presented by the media in the Jena Six case are in and of themselves true, the manner in which they are presented leads to a blurring of the line between fact and fiction.It is for these reasons that the media is generally charged with presenting a flawed and distorted version of the law. As Richard Nobles and David Schiff note, the media misreads law for its own purposes. This misreading has the capacity to generate what, within the media itself, are described as crises of confidence in the administration of justice.Distinguishing between fact and fiction has become a difficult task for media consumers. Fictional events are becoming more realistic through various television programs that dramatize the law and the judicial system such as Ally McBeal and Peoples Court (UK). These television shows impose a conceptual reality that viewers can identify with.How then is it possible for a viewer of these types of programmes to be able to distinguish between fact and fiction when the real object of these shows is to provide neither? According to J. Street, the distinction between fact and fiction is not one that can be discerned by simply watching these shows but is rather a skill that must be learned. The idea that the line between fact and fiction is becoming more and more difficult to discern is not something that is recent or that has emerged with the introduction of reality TV.The media has always used various tools to impose a certain amount of fictionalization on real issues. In auxiliary to using sensationalized headlines and twisting facts by playing on words, the media also uses metaphors as an expression of categories of reality. Metaphors are used in media crime reporting in order to present complex legal issues in a clear and straightforward manner that makes them more real and easy for an audience to relate to.Metaphors such as justice is blind, war on terror, cold-blooded murderer, lawyers are leeches and if it doesnt fit you must acquit are used by the media to represent a particular angle on a legal story by relating that perspective to human experience. For example, the metaphor lawyers are leeches will impress upon anyone who has had a negative experience with a lawyer or who has had to pay an excessive amount for legal representation.The media is able, through the use of these metaphors to paint a certain picture for the viewer that they are able to connect with because the values and emotions attached to these metaphors resonate with the everyday. As Brown notes, What gives such metaphors their resonance is not rattling their distortion of reality it is their proximity to experience. Metaphors, however, can also distort representations of the truth in crime reporting. For example, the metaphor justice is blind is used to symbolise the fact that the judiciary is an impartial and independent body whose job is to apply the law equally and fairly to all persons regardless of class, race or gender.However, what is disordered in this metaphor is that justice is not always adversarial and can be achieved through alternative methods to dispute resolution such as mediation and negotiation. Nevertheless, even if the media generates a fictional story, by using metaphors taken from the real world the media is able to connect with the public. As a result, metaphors do not necessarily have to be accurate in order for the media to be able to unite with the public throu gh common experience.Another way the media is able to connect with the public in disseminating information about the law is by turning readers or viewers into judges, providing them with all the material necessary for them to make the judgments themselves. The facts, legal issues and judgments surrounding court-room type shows are introduced to the viewer as the media sees it and as such, there is no room for mediation, argument or debate.The media trial is presented in a story-like fashion like any good novelist, the media tailors the sequence of events and uses characters, imagery, and symbolism to guide its viewers into reaching a pre-determined judgment. By setting the stage and employing various theatrical tools, the media falsely leads its viewers into believe that the outcome of the media trial corresponds with their own opinions about the law and justice. Although the media is able to provide instantaneous justice, by compressing the complexities of a legal proceeding into a 30 minute clip, the media ignores the fact that a trial is an extremely complex and sophisticated device and that just and fair decisions are reached only through careful stipulation of all the facts, evidence and testimony.Thus, media trials have the ability to undermine the role of the judiciary and the publics faith in the legal system, by impressing upon its viewers the belief that justice is easily ascertained without deliberation. Garapon elaborates on this point stating, The trial is able to control the way in which the facts are presented, proved and interpreted. On the television, however, a twist of reality is implicit and thus directly experienced and thus escapes both examination and discussion. Hence, as Garapon further notes in preferring seduction to reasoned argument, the media are able to display a version of the truth at the expense of truth itself.Although the medias main role is to entertain, the media is viewed by the public as a major distributor of legal i nformation. Since the media uses various dramatic techniques to relate information regarding the law to its viewers, the public is generally unaware that the media simply has no regard for whether or not the information they are relaying is true or accurate. It is in this way that the distinction between fact and fiction becomes harder for the public to discern. The public adopts the medias conception of legal reality and as a result views the law in a negative light and loses confidence in the criminal justice system. This is not to suggest that all media content is based on false assumptions or inaccurate facts, but more often then not accounts of the law are misapprehensions of the truth.Is there a valid reason for concern over distorted media portrayals of the law?All research in respect of the effect media has on popular conceptions of the law suggests that media portrayals of the law, whether they are based on fact or fiction, present a distorted version of legal reality. As n oted earlier, the medias power to distort the law and present fictions as legal truths causes anxiety in the legal community. Again, the concern is that media misrepresentations about the law may destroy the publics faith in the legal system.The administration of justice and the independence of the judiciary are important values that safeguard the fundamental rights of every individual in society. Without these principles, justice, fairness and equality would cease to exist and society would revert back to a state of war where everyone fends for themselves. The media, as the voice of public opinion, ought to be troubled by the role they play and the influence they have in undermining the publics confidence in the legal system. This is particularly so when examining the medias power over the public from an effects-based approach.The effects model suggests that media users are like sponges in that they simply absorb media content without any reflection or analysis. This is upsetting given that some researchers have suggested that information from the media and other sources are absorbed into the mind and filed into bins and that when making heuristic judgments, people extract the information from these bins and often fail to consider that the information extracted could be from fictitious sources.Based on this approach, individuals who have not learned to decipher between fact and fiction, are in danger of formulating erroneous beliefs about the law that are based on stereotypes, half-truths and clichs.On the other hand, it can be argued that because viewers and readers are generally media-savvy they are witting of the medias power to mislead and as such do not rely on media generated content about the law when making value judgments about the legal system. As Lieve Gies notes, Most individuals are sufficiently media-savvy to be aware that newspapers and television cannot always be regarded as the most reliable or compulsive sources of knowledge.People are ca pable of detecting the medias deceptions and distortions, which means that they are not prepared to put all their eggs in the medias basket. Thus, instead of simply absorbing the televised message like a sponge, viewers and readers are able to decode media communications and attach entirely new and different meanings to the media text. The idea that media users are capable of scrutinizing media content and are mobilely engaged in the construction of their own reality is based on the active audience approach to understanding media effects on the law.According to the active audience approach, media users are not merely cultural dopes who submit to the medias power without reflection and examination. A concern raised by advocates of the active audience approach is that media effects studies overlook the fact that audiences are able to maintain their own independence and views when engaging the media. Instead, research in this area generally starts from the presumption that the media is to blame.As is noted by David Gauntlett, The problem with much media effects research, however, is that researchers have jumped straight to the second stage investigating the media and its possible effects without even bothering with the first one, namely checking whether any notable suspects have in fact been affected.Stuart Halls analysis of the media further suggests that any content received by viewers and readers through various media forms is hollow and meaningless until the viewer or reader deciphers the text and assigns meaning to it. Halls reception analysis model suggests that readers and viewers consciously refuse to give into media influences and instead attach their own set of values to the information being conveyed through media texts.However, as Gies points out, The potential blind spot in reception analysis is that it may still end up giving the media too much preponderance and ignore other influential sources of knowledge. Nevertheless, the thrust of the argum ent in both the active audience approach and the reception analysis model is that the medias powers to shape ones understanding of the law will vary depending on the meaning that one attaches to media messages which is dependent on ones cultural perspective ones class, race and gender.As is noted by Gies, In constructionist analyses of media culture, it is the socio-cultural background of people, and not the media products they consume, which is seen as a more reliable predictor of how they construct social meaning. For instance, in Canada, the majority of the images presented on the television depict a horse opera conception of reality. Since Canada is an ethically and culturally diverse country there are many citizens who have differing cultural perspectives and identities. It is therefore dif