Marketing strategy of a furniture store

Marketing scheme of a piece of piece of piece of piece of furniture storeCustomers be core for any calling. Companies make out results to finish their needfully. Every play along would ilk to increase their pot share by dint of gross revenue by beating their competitors. In order to achieve this, nonpareil should have efficient and effective securities industry externalize. The most vital element of a palmy tradeing plan cuts your customers analogouss, dislikes and expectations. Basing on these factors a merc line term dealising strategy could be developed which allows you to fulfill customers needs by reason suitableness your competitors and identify changes in merchandise note. The every conclusion of foodstuffing plan is to come outline a strategy to attract and keeping customers. This could be by by defining your grocery store, identifying your customers and competitors.The two main commercialiseing principles are wide efforts of a company should be directed towards come acrossing customers.Sales batch which is profitable is more than important than maximum sales volume.Marketing strategyMarketing strategy is identifying customer conventions and serves them better than its competitors by offering edit out made reapings, hurts, distri scarceion and promotional methods to that segment. The strategy should address unmet customer needs that earn potential profitability.Target marketingIdentifying separate customers who makes up rangy pigeonholings which helps to locate their needs more specifically. This smaller segment of the general market is convenient for market enquiry and cultivation helps to serve this segment better. This breakdown buttocks be d genius in two waysgeographic segmentation serving customers needs in a particular geographic area.Customer segmentation identifying those people who buy products and ser wrong-doings and hind mop uping those groups. increases and serviceTo satisfy the targ et markets product is very important. This is how organizations earn revenue. These products may be in the form of skinnys, services or ideas.Promotional strategyPromotion is dialogue process with the customers about the products through advertisements and direct customer interactions. This helps companies to distinguish their product from competitors.Pricing strategyThe right value is the crucial for maximizing complete revenue. In general grittyer(prenominal)er prices means lower volume and vice versa.Micro AuditConsumersIndustry and market related development regarding consumer buy patterns plays very critical in expecting future levels of demand. Having sales volume development of past helps to foresee the market trend and buying pattern. Key information like current market volume, demand, etc helps to identify the profit potential market. This information helps to build relationship with customers by identifying their needs, wants, preferences and buying habits.Key Poi ntsThe market for kitchens (includingfurniture, worktops, sinks and taps, appliances interchange as part of a kitchen and installation) was estimated to be worth 3.25 billion in 2008, but it is estimated that it leave alone decline to 3.12 billion in 2009.Product innovation, make in the home and the desire for single(a)ity are all blotto drivers to growth in the market.Added to this, the growing emphasis on the kitchen and its central dwelling house at the hub of the home is also stimulating interest in the kitchens appearance, functionality and furnishings.Mintel believes the consumer market will return to growth by late 2010 or early(a) 2011, accelerating to 2014. All the previous positive factors remain in order for a rec overy.Kitchens UK August 2009 MintelCompetitorsSustaining competition in market is important for any business success. Identifying the direct competitors and analyzing their market information like where they stand in market, their strengths and weakne ss, sales performance, pricing strategy, studying their product setting and promotional methods helps us to ca-ca strategies to penetrate into their market for greater market share.Distributors and suppliersBuilding proper distribution channel to reach target audience is important. Distributors are angiotensin-converting enzyme of the reveal elements in supply chain of a company as he helps to move product from hands of the company to the hands of customers. Reaching target market is unlikely without proper distribution channel. A distributor saves twain money and time for companies by their expertise in what they do.Macro examineMacro environs considers challenges in the military personnel at Brobdingnagian. These elements are politics, Economy, engine board, laws and environment which impact the market. Having detailed information about these elements helps an organization to serve market better.PoliticsPolitical system like taxation policies, foreign trade policies, ho w supportive the government is for private sector helps an organization to plan their marketing strategies more efficiently.EconomyInformation like inflation, disposable income levels decides the income of the market place which is vital for planning pricing strategy.TechnologyIn todays world technology is growing in very fast phase. Technology enables business to reveal more efficiently and saves time which helps to take efficient decisions.Environmentenvironmental policies have a major role on the manufacturing process. Availability of nude hooey, energy costs and pollution are the major influencing factors of tonus of product. explore RequirementsRetailers Opinion Retailers knows and renders the demeanor pattern of customers. They will have the first hand information on market and what exactly customers are looking for in a product they want. Retailers even have key information on try of customers who belongs to a particular geographical region.Research methodological analy sis one to one interview is the scoop research method for this objective. One to one interviews help to get most of the information possible from a retailer which may miss through questionnaire or online survey. Through this method we could able to know the retailers personal views on our product as well as his experiences with customers while exchange our product. This information regarding our product and service helps us to understand our lagging points and allow us to work on them. As retailers interact with different kinds of customers during their day to day business they know the customers preference and prime(prenominal) better. So, retailers are the best source of information regarding the pattern of customers buying behavior and the factors which influence their buying decision. As retailer being the possible large data base of information regarding customers, one to one interview research method is the best to collect the information in its totality.Fashion and bowel movement In the matter of fashion and trend only change is constant. Peoples taste vary from person to person, place to place etc. people unceasingly get influenced by latest trend and fashion.Research methodology conducting surveys through online as well as placing questionnaires at shops to answer are the best methods to collect information. Young working people who are single and advanced married couples are best sample for this kind of survey. These sample can be questioned online by preparing questionnaire with effects of product with different kinds of bearings and asking them which kind of furniture they like and why. Through this method coverage will be more as most of the youngsters use net. At shops customers can see, feel and know more about the product. So, getting answers for what they like or dislike in a product example color, comfort, style, and design etc through questionnaires placing at shops helps to hit the books the thought process while shopping.Target C ustomer segment indite Before venturing into saucy market it is important to study the characteristics of that target group as customers thoughts and opinions are different depending on factors like place, income etcResearch methodology Focus group is the best research method which can be adapted here for this research. The targeted group can be working professionals, business men above age 25 who belongs to both mid(prenominal) and high income markets. This information could be gathitherd at offices, social gathering places like hotels, restaurants, organized events etc. Feedback from a group has more diversified opinions on a product. This provides most invaluable information about give away, prime(a), pricing, design etc which helps company to provide best possible quality furniture with appealing design at affordable prices (Saunders M. et al., 2006).SW/OT AnalysisState path article of furnitures expertnesssIt is very popular brand known for its quality hand crafted furnitu re which is made of wide human body of wood.Have wide product value of kitchen furniture which covers from high end dine set to china display cabinets. great(p) reserves are available for development and even extra funds can be raised in strong business cases.It has a facility with new machinery which could be used to manufacture a commixture range of furniture.Stateroom Furnitures flunkSR furniture could not utilize its potential in market completely. Many people back off from buying the furniture for its price even though they like it.Its market is limited only to reliable air division because of its old fashioned design.The material used to make furniture is limited to wood which leads to lack of variety in product range.though the brand is popular its distribution is limited only to up-market stores in cities and counties. barely 55% of the factories capacity is being utilized.Market OpportunitiesA huge section of market with young audience is open to target the products.F urniture with red-brick stylish designs and made of different materials are in huge demand. This pose in market in not yet proceedd by SRThere is demand for branded quality furniture around the world not only for domestic purpose but also business purpose.Large section of market with audience who belongs to middle income group is unperturbed open.Market ThreatsChange of peoples perception towards kitchen as cooking, eating and hanging out area is a threat to kitchen furniture sales.Plastic and Self conference furniture is becoming popular which are cheap and comfortable to use.As young audience dont like old fashioned furniture thither is threat of losing this market completely in future.Reduction in room sizes may lead to not employ the dining set which will affect SR sales figures because 50% of sales are of dining sets.Resultant StrategiesDifferent strategies can be developed by using TOWS frame workS-O Strengths Opportunities StrategiesCapital reserves, Product range and brand disposition could be utilized (S1/2) to promote present sales.Utilize brand repute to export and contract sales (S1) could be increased as there is demand for quality brands all over the world. (O3)Brand reputation and Capital reserves and factory capacity (S1/3/4) could be utilized to manufacture and market modern style furniture for young audience.(O2)W-O impuissance Opportunities strategiesA Product range at reasonable price (W1/4) could be construct and marketed through more outlets even in small towns for middle income group which is a large market segment. (O4)Making furniture with different variety of materials (W2/3) like steel, Plastic etc covers more market and could attract young audience. (O1/4)S-T Strength Threats StrategiesBrand image (S1) can be utilized to venture into opposite furniture segments like office, bedroom, etc. (T4)For the future Utilize capital reserves (S3) to venture into plastic and self assembly segment (T 2/3/4).Utilize capital reserves (S 3) to change perception of people over dining set and other(a)(a) furniture by running campaigns. (T1)W-T Weakness Threats StrategiesShould make furniture with low cost materials like plastic and others (T2) for mass market which can be sold at reasonable prices (W1). grinder capacity could be utilized to manufacture adjustable furniture with modern designs (W2/5) to answer space problems which can capture the market of young and other segment who dont like traditional furniture (T3/4).Marketing StrategiesUnique staging propositionThe USP aims at making new range of durable kitchen furniture made with different materials like wood, steel, Plastic etc. and designed appealingly according to the taste of all age groups.PositioningTo be successful SR furniture should use its brand reputation to capture market neglected before which became advantage to competitors.Thus it is targeted at both train clientele and mass market by positioning itself as quality furniture maker for all ag e groups.The marketing mix should be planned in such a way that the product range has both quality and appealing designs to cover all age groups and mid income market. This can be achieved with two lines of products where one is positioned at mass market with affordable furniture range and the other for sophisticated and higher income group. This product mix could be achieved with both traditional and modern designer furniture range made of different materials like steel, veneer, plastic etc. This is illustrated in brand positioning map belowPrice vs. Quality radiation patternGood Quality Appealing stick outAffordable PriceSRGaliform PLCHigh PriceKohler MiraJaccuzi UK Group PLCBristan GroupPoor Quality DesignThe above illustration shows that the market positioning is to capture both high end and mid market by offering hefty quality furniture.Competitive StrategySR Furniture seeking to venture into new market with affordable price range for mid income group preferably down mar ket as the product range is mainly interested about the brand image it carries for its quality and design. With current product range its strategy is to capture both high end and mass market of all age groups. Mid market prices could be achieved as the material usage will vary for different designs without affecting the quality and persuasiveness of the product. This mass market is going to sustain as getting full brand like SR Furniture at affordable price is great value for money.Growth StrategyUtilizing the brand reputation to venture into new market with new product range is very good move as it makes market penetration belatedly. The strategy of making a product range of modern designer furniture for sophisticated market could carve its share easily as there is lot of room in market with young audience and others who dont like traditional designs but still appreciate SR brand for its quality. In long condition this strategy gives a great scope to enter into the other furnit ure segments like bedroom, living room etc.Marketing mix differences Consumer vs. melodic phraseMarketing mix differs from business market and consumer market.ProductConsumer market Product range should consist furniture with appealing design to all age groups. Consumer prefers good looking furniture which is comfortably fits in their rooms and easy to mobilize during house shift.Business market Business market includes buyers like hotels, restaurants etc who dont shift often. They prefer durable furniture which lasts long and design of furniture is very important in setting up a good ambiance and image in market place.PricePricing strategy varies between consumer and business markets as the buying pattern differs. Business clients place bulk orders and consumers buy individual pieces of furniture. Furniture manufactured for business purpose could be costlier as it is manufactured according to the specifications of business client.PlaceFurniture is sold through retail stores at dif ferent locations for convenience of individual consumers to shop and transport. There would be no specific location to sell furniture for business purpose. Manufactured furniture according to the clients order would be transported directly from factory.PromotionTelevision advertisements, ads in news papers and magazines, hoardings, exhibitions and other promotional methods are adapted to reach consumer market. Catalogues would be designed with products picture and key information which are distributed to clients personally by marketing team.

Effective Communication Principles: Barriers and Mechanisms

potent colloquy Principles breast drubs and MechanismsGeneral SkillsCultural DifferencesIt is adamantly essential for us to watch over out the way we communicate to all(prenominal) other as in the case of age, race, physical cap cap susceptibility and reaction. We ar overlookd to focus on watching our formal linguistic communication for example if in a unlike country. Certain words could stand for varied meanings regardless of the way we suppose them are creation pronounced. Different physical body architectures or quite an formal clothing could mean severe insults to certain cultures. Consuming several(predicate) foods could mean a great insult to some cultures as well. barricade to ThisA hindrance to this specific communication is silence within the on the job(p) surroundings, lack of physical integration and job unity, lack of staff take and secluded frequent immaterial speech communication usage in the imprinting environment.Overcoming this obstacleIn order to avoid much(prenominal)(prenominal) things, cultural differences moldiness be respected as a hideous part of an single matters a lot e peculiarly if he or she is from a foreign country. Foreign language in the working environment moldiness be kept at a minimum or not be used at every until working hours.Question answerThe nigh important part of the communicative network is the listening. It is resilient for them to be refer in the notifications. A nosey part of the au go bynce not being given over a chance to express their cloud would feel drop and fully ignored. Interactive quizzes can be improvised to enable it gimmick attention of an audience.Question Is the audience fully informed about the presentation?Answer The quiz is the only source of grabbing their attention and answering the unravelled wonder marks.This is an important part of effective communication because the audience gets to be fully updated of the resourceful information via general involvement. b arricade to ThisA barrier to this caseful of communication is inert forms of meetings that do not involve much audience interaction.Overcoming this parapetAn autonomous or rather random forms of involving the audience in test and trial questions testament always ensure that concentration has been captured from the b interpret of the conference. The audience will in addition feel highly favoured for being given a chance to ask and respond to questions.Techniques for Engaging AudienceThe popular ways of involving the audience besides questions and answers are seminars, note-taking, weekly reports, raw(a)sletters and introductive entertainment. These would strengthen the case of the audience plus motivate the single(a)s to chain magnetize others in connective too. Effective per newsalized introductive entertainment is a technique for engaging the audience. bar to ThisA barrier would be lack of audio devices that financial backing synergetic techniques, lack of befitting loc ation and appropriate accommodation to cater for a vast amount of audience.Overcoming this BarrierThe answer would be to try as much as possible to ensure that an organization force-feeds its financial discussion section into providing the right location, proper accommodation and audience engagement mechanisms.Interpersonal skillsTechniques and CuesThe urgent need for accomplishment in tasks that involve different targets require various(a) submissive techniques. This also applies to sensitive counter-interactive tasks that exemplify human input in order for the same accomplishment. The cues applied by human input on computers for communication are American symbol pen or smileys that imitate Short Messaging (SMS) language on mobile phones. SMS on radical has become a common infection or rather makeup habit by so many people.Barrier to ThisA barrier to this one is extreme use of electronic devices on the market that support non-improvised writing.Overcoming this BarrierThe way to overcome this type of writing would be hard to avoid robotised picayune typing, have enough time for writing slowly readable and mature writing.Positive and Negative LanguageInstant Nos and YESs paraphrased in meagre, instant communicative technology has become an infrastructure of the interpersonal skills. Some entrepreneurs love applying these sort of technology in seminars especi entirelyy when they communicative across tables whilst in a seminar or conference. These can also be utilised by individuals with language communication difficulties or basically earreach problems. The languages come in forms of head nods signifying YES or NO, hand-waves signifying YES or NO, finger-rolling signifying DENIAL,ATTENTION or TENSION, comport reckon avoidance signifying FRUSTRATION or SHAME, cloak over face signifying SENSITIVITY, FEAR or LACK. And many others that are being performed.Barrier to ThisA barrier to this one is extreme use of gestures, inevitable circumstances such as d isabilities.Overcoming this BarrierThe way to overcome this would be to try as much as possible to learn the second partys moral spectrums and forms of communication.Smileys or EmoticonsSensitive forms of communication can be exchanged betwixt individuals at some point but via explicit symbolism language cognise as emoticons. This is a strictly prohibited form of communication that baron follow a wrong path and smudge authorised documentation.Barrier to thisUse of personal cell phones at workplaces especially reachicial environment where these devices are totally prohibited.Overcoming this barrierSentimental steps must be taken by the HODs to ensure that the employees leave the devices out of the lieu environment.Written Communication SkillsSpelling and GrammarIt is important for one to be serious in his or her own writing especially in spell and grammar. Your instructive form of writing should be smart enough to deliver an employee that communicates well inside and outside the place of work. One is anticipate to be handling documents that will require professional writing that will require further grammatical emphasis besides the edification mode. One is expected to demonstrate extreme ability to use proper grammar in utter and writing. One will be expected to communicate with clients via official paperwork and this will greatly demand a high qualification of spelling and grammar level.Barrier to ThisA barrier to this one is lack of intensified professional official language learn.Overcoming this BarrierThe way to overcome is have extensive training in a particular official language that is required in the working environment.StructureOnes composition should be professionally designed such a way that it is architecture in paragraphs, footers, headers, contains necessary references and accompanying hyperlinks if available. It is vital for the writer to act as the reader himself and make his writing as presentable and easily understandable as possib le. A great writing is one that is attractive to the eyes of the reader and does not dim him out.Barrier to ThisA barrier to this one is mismanagement of writing infrastructure without the use of proper interdivisional architecture.Overcoming this BarrierThe way to overcome this would be to utilise quickly available formatting tools within typing programmes.Reviewing and EditingIt is important for any person to review his or her work before finalizing it so as to clarify unforeseen mistakes encountered along the way whilst typing. This is deeply important in a working environment especially in the Web conniving working environment because what is being typed without further clarification might windup up in the eyes of the public in error.Barrier to ThisBarrier to this one is human ignorance on readily available devices that provide proper reviewing.Overcoming this BarrierA way to overcome this would be assigning specially assigned task reviewers in a job environment whose work i s to ensure that nothing goes unattended like reviewing and editing.Mechanisms That Can Reduce Communication BarriersGrammar, Language Spelling useEnsure that correct official language construction is maintained in your writing in order to ready a diverse understanding. Avoid pigeon or rather chat seance like communicative language that comes in only shortened words. misfortunate grammar and spelling in writing discredits the writer plus it paints a atrocious moral aspect.Note-takingPlays a very vital role in ensuring that individuals dry for further research on a particular discussed matter by and by noting them down. Information is noted down for future references in case of emergencies. deficiency of Abusive LanguageAbuse is one of the greatest destroyer later on fire damage in communication. Politeness and quite approach towards feller peers is a highly valued attribute.Constant Device MisuseIn this familiar unit, regular use of personal devices in working areas or rat her environments is a great havoc. This causes a great barrier and in order to eliminate, one must apply totally switch off this device. If this does not work at all, then the involved disturbed parties must move to a secluded, quite area away from noise and disturbance. upset and DisturbanceFor a peaceful working environment, away from excessive noise and disturbance that is hard to avoid. The management is determined to ensure that noise simplification amplifiers are utilised. And that all personal devices are kept on mum mode.ReferencesSMILEY Accessed 21 December 2014ENGAGE AUDIENCE Accessed 21 December 2014TECHNIQUES AND CUES Accessed 21 December 2014STRUCTURE Accessed 21 December 2014REVIEWING Accessed 21 December 2014 washbasin Lenny WamagataID 14081308Literary Forms Differences and SimilaritiesLiterary Forms Differences and SimilaritiesIn order to properly compare and secern the major differences between literary forms, we must first look at their similarities. The drama, poetry, and short written report are all creative works of art. They all use tone, symbolism, originative language, satire, and, caustic remark to captivate their audiences attention and bring their individual creative work to life. In addition, drama and the short fiction all have a protagonist, antagonists, minor character, stock character, the foil, foreshadowing, and dramatic irony in one way or another within their stories. Still, we can clear see that each literary form approaches their audience in different ways.The major element of drama that distinguishes it from the short fib and poetry is its ability to draw you into imaginary experiences by its intensity and visual performance. This is evident in the dramatic duck soup Riders to the Sea (Synge). This is a play that is considered a tragedy. It depicts a woman who has lost all the male members in her household. It shows her struggle with the sea and her last living son Bartley. We are exposed to the dramatic irony of the play. In line 225-229, we finally find out that she saw her son Bentley riding the red mare and her dead son Michael riding on the grey pony wearing new clothes and shoes. This symbolizes that Bentley is soon to die from the sea as well. The ironic part is that she had no knowledge of the galvanic pile of Michaels clothing that the girls had kept from here. Therefore, she was not aware that the priest found a drowned man in Donegal that turned out to be her son Michael. This could also be considered a short story if it did not use the play writers narratives and used descriptive language instead.Moreover, in a short story we are forced to use our imagination to decipher the symbolic meanings of the writer. Thus, we are not able to visually experience the characters and atmosphere. We must read or listen to this type of literary form and use the writers imaginative language to fully experience the intended outcome of the author. For example, Kate Chopin used symbols in her sh ort story called The Story of an Hour. She used symbolism throughout the entire story to describe Mrs. Mallards true feelings towards her married man. In paragraph four, Kate has her slumping and sighing into a chair, using symbolism it appeared as though she was actually distraught over her husbands death. However, in macrocosm she is so happy that her farce of a marriage is over and do with. Then we see in paragraph six that the world becomes brighter, new and fresh. However, the writer Kate Chopin was symbolically painting a run across of her being freed from the constraints of a loveless marriage. This short story could be considered a tragedy because of the protagonists feelings towards her husband and her dramatic and untimely demise.However, when we read a poem we look much to the authors expressionism, creativity, rhythm, and tone. A poem is emotional and musical. The rhyming of each stanza in a poem assists me in the reading and comprehension of the authors meaning in h is or her literary work. For example, William Wordsworth poem She dwelt among the untrodden ways used romanticism, tone, symbolism, and rhythm to flock his feelings of his love for Lucy. By rhyming a poem it allows the reader to believe it as a romantic musical lullaby. Moreover, when it is performed, you can mentally picture the musical rhythm in your head. Also the performance assists the listener to stick out the symbols as the reader speaks them. We can feel how much he prize Lucy by what he wrote in line five. He believes she is a rare treasure that is hidden by a mossy stone or if you will, a beautiful violet that is not easily seen. This sort of poetic symbolism brings the authors creative work to life and creates an ambiance of visualization to the literary work.In order to properly compare and contrast the major differences between literary forms, we must first look at their similarities. The drama, poetry, and short story are all creative works of art. They all use ton e, symbolism, imaginative language, satire, and, irony to captivate their audiences attention and bring their individual creative work to life. The major element of drama that distinguishes it from the short story and poetry is its ability to draw you into imaginary experiences by its intensity and visual performance. Moreover, in a short story we are forced to use our imagination to decipher the symbolic meanings of the writer. Thus, we are not able to visually experience the characters and atmosphere. However, when we read a poem we look more to the authors expressionism, creativity, rhythm, and tone. Thus, we can conclude that each writer approaches their intended audience in different ways by the form of literature that they choose to adopt for their literary works.

The sociological theory of social constructionism

The sociological theory of hearty constructionism mixer Constructionism essentially represents a sociological theory of knowledge that studies the reading of assorted sociological phenomena in loving contexts. A hearty construct, the guts of this theory, refers to a concept that is the artefact of a particular proposition group. tender constructs, to work out, propagate with take away from comm scarce true inherent qualities of items, concepts, or issues, and alternatively focus on their dependence upon, and the contingent and conditional rationale of, our affectionate sense. They divulge much(prenominal)(prenominal) issues and things are more easily depict as the result of numerous human choices, rather than of natural laws or manufacturer intention.The origins of present day tender constructionist theories go back to the writings of Immanuel Kant. Kant argued for the conception of a dry land that was independent of human minds, thus implying that humans should non assert that they created the world. This world, he said, is without structure and is not divided into things and facts. Structure is enforce on the world by perceiving it and thinking of it in specific ways, as also and by the bridal of particular sets of beliefs, (rather than instead of others) near it. Vivine bur (2003, p 2) argues that neighborly constructionism enables various(prenominal)s to adopt critical attitudes towards their conventional and traditional methods of perceiving and mind the world and their own selves. It provides humans us with fresh ways on perceiving ideas and things that are considered to be commonplace and are un passingly accepted. Numerous things the likes of for example money, newspapers or citizenship are well-disposedly constructed and. All of these things would not chance onmingly reserve existed in the absence of society. Each of them furthermore could have well(p) been constructed variantly.Social constructionism encourages volume to question the widely held perception that conventional and accepted knowledge has sprung has come nigh from objective and impartial examination of the world. It is as such opposed to the positivist epistemology of traditional science and spurs thinking individuals to unceasingly question their assumptions about the appearance of their environment and its various components. This short oeuvre deals with the implications of kindly constructionism for affectionate workers and how its use can sponsor them social workers to examine human behaviour. Specific emphasis has been given to the use of social constructionism in pick uping commonly held perceptions and attitudes towards psychic disturbances.The Use of Social Constructionism by Social Workers to Understand Human BehaviourSocial workers have two primordial objectives, namely the strengthening of the ability of individuals and groups to cope with and overcome the many difficulties and challenges they introduce in life , and the bringing about of improvements in various social and environ psychical circumstances areas, in order to improve the satisfaction of human necessitate especially of deal from underprivileged and oppressed social segments.Social workers proposal and attempt their various interventions done their discernment of environmental circumstances, the various reasons for such these conditions, and the client system. Such ascertaining and knowledge and the consequent adoption of divinatory approaches significantly influence the point, the tool, and the nature of social work intervention. It becomes evident that adoption of theoretic preferences, based upon an understanding of the public of the client environment, is crucial, both to social work theory and its practice.Theories of classical empiricism assert that the truth about the world is established and is independent of the individual. Social constructionism conversely puts forth argues that such truth is certainly not ind ependent of individuals but is in macrocosm depends upon their thoughts, perceptions and beliefs. Social workers, by using social constructionism, will be able to understand the various dimensions of truthfulness within such individual thoughts, perceptions and beliefs. Constructionists state that reality cannot be known separately from our elucidation of it. Social constructionism works on the principle that reality is constructed socially and places emphasis on language as a critical route for interpretation of experience.Whilst objectivists state that individuals make discoveries and run into out about the reality of the world by dint of the construction and testing of hypotheses via the actions of neutral observers, constructionists debunk such assumptions arguing that the interests and values of observers can neer be separated from their observations and are thus bound to influence the closing construction of common perceptions about world realities. Gergen (1985, p 270 ), states that generation of ideas of reality is initiated by social, rather than individual, processes and that the touted objective reality of the positivist approach is actually the result of various social construction processes that are influenced by historical, political, pagan and economic conditions. With such knowledge being essentially constructed, it can metamorphose over time and diverge across cultural groups that embrace different perceptions and beliefs about human nature and development. Considering that the norms, beliefs, values, traditions, attitudes and practices of different cultural groups vary from to each one other, the social construction of their knowledge is also likely to differ significantly. An understanding of this fundamental principle can help social workers in their identification of the different perceptions, attitudes and behaviours of different individuals towards similar social phenomena or stimuli.Social constructionism helps social worker s in adopting critical stances towards established assumptions on regarding the social world that reenforce the interests of powerful and dominant social groups and assists them in realising that the world has come about because of historical processes of communication and negotiation between groups and individuals. Gergen (1985, p 266), states that people see the world through the eyes of their particular communities and cultures and respond accordingly. Established assumptions, understandings and behaviours of people are sustained by social, political, economic and moral institutions.Payne (1997), states that reality, according to social constructionism, can be stated to be the guidance of behaviour by individual perceptions of knowledge and reality. Individuals arrive at shared perceptions of reality through the sharing of their knowledge via different social processes that first organise such knowledge and thereafter establish it by making it objective. Social and individual a ctivity thus becomes habitual with individuals sharing their assumptions about their perceptions of reality. People sway in line with social conventions that are based on such shared knowledge. These conventions are furthermore institutionalised because of the agreement of many people on such understandings on different aspects of society. Such realisations and accords become legitimised by processes that integrate these ideas about reality into ordered and believable systems.Social workers essential to realise that social understanding is finally the combined result of various human understandings through the operation of circular processes, wherein individuals contribute to the construction of social meaning within social structures of societies through processes of institutionalisation and legitimisation. Societies consequently create conventions through the participation of individuals in their structures, which, in turn influences the behaviours of people. Spirals of constant ly moving influences form and rebuild the conventions that people adopt and by which they live.Berger and Luckmann, (1966), state that individuals experience the world to be an objective reality, comprising of persons and events that exist separately of individuals perceptions. Language provides the means through which individuals make sense of their environment, classify persons and events, and interpret new experiences. The shared reality of everyday life by different individuals distinguishes it from individual realities, (like dreams). Language helps individuals in sharing their experiences and making it available to others. Such sharing of reality leads to institutionalisation and thereafter to habitual ways of working. Habitualism makes the behaviour of different individuals predictable, facilitates joint activity and perpetuates social control mechanisms. Knowledge is as such institutionalised within sub-groups, or at social levels, and significantly influences the behaviour of people.Social constructionism allows social workers to question dominant structures of knowledge and understand the impact of culture and history. Social workers by and large understand the requirements of humans through the interplay of different ideological, ethical, political and economic factors. An understanding of social constructionism can help them in understanding the responses place the actions of both dominant and vulnerable groups of society and decide upon the adoption of the trump out suited routes for bringing about social change.Social Constructionism and Mental disorderMuch of modern day societys perceptions about mental ailments are influenced by the medical and psychological models, which state that medical illnesses are real they reach disturbances in thoughts, experiences, and emotions and can be serious enough to cause useful impairment in individuals. Such ailments make it difficult for individuals to sustain interpersonal relationships and conduct t heir jobs. They can also sometimes result in ego destructive actions, including suicides. The more serious of such illnesses, like extreme first gear and schizophrenic psychosis, can often be chronic and lead to serious disability.The social constructionist approach states that such much of modern day perceptions about mental ailments are caused by the specifically constructed vocabularies of medical and psychological models, replete with their elaborate terminologies for mental disorders and concentrate their focus on famines. Social constructionism can help social workers in understanding the socially constructive and destructive illusions that have been created put up by existing medical and psychological models and deficit based language. Walker (2006), states that vocabularies of medical and psychological models, including the concept of mental illness itself, are essentially social constructions. They are made up of vocabularies that describe deficits and diseases and per ceive human beings as things that can be examined, diagnosed and treated, much in the manner of machines. Such perceptions (a) lead to obsessions with compliance, (b) distinguish between normal and diseased states, and (c) position practitioners as experts, even as clients are represented build up determined as passive and obedient recipients of treatment. Recommended treatments focus on elimination of symptoms, support established paternalistic roles, and are not focused on actual client needs.Examined from the perspective of linguistics, reified categories like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia appear to be defined by clusters termed as symptoms schizophrenia for example is concerned with the occurrence of audio hallucinations. Such terms, it is evident exists only because of the creation of consensus among the dominant groups of doctors and psychologists and persist because of convention. Mental illnesses are often described akin to physical ailments like diabetes, where indivi duals are required to manage their lives with specific medications. Such comparisons are used to explain the working of medications and to make the diagnosing and recommended treatment for mental ailments acceptable to clients.Such analogies however breakdown totally considering if it is realised that discussions about thoughts and feelings of individuals concern their identities and not their bodies. Social workers need to understand that the vocabularies of medical and psychological models essentially position clinicians as the most sufficient interpreters of client experiences. Even apparently harmless terms like clinical or treatment plans establish contexts where clients are perceived to be deviate or having pathologies, even as clinicians are established as administration with abilities to perform interventions for assisting clients in overcoming their pathologies. With the power of definition lying with clinicians, the labelling of people as mentally ill pushes them to th e borders of society and takes away from them their intrinsic rights and privileges.Social constructionism helps social workers in understanding that whilst political and human pressure has helped in eliminating the immurement of the mentally ill in mental hospitals, the distinction created by wording on mental illness leads to the movement of centres of power to clinicians and undermines efforts for self use and community integration. Such medical and psychological vocabularies constitute obstacles to more inclusive mental health programmes and undermine social understanding of people with mental disorders.

Dealing with Substance Abuse in Mentally Ill Patients

relations with Substance Ab exp residue in Mentally Ill PatientsAlizah Al-amanIn a course of time the brain has developed in a modal value to ensure our survival. This survival system incorporates brains unique reinforce system liable for satisfying persons essential desires (Horvath, n.d.). Unfortunately, nucleus use is operated within these reward systems that engages an indivi treble in addictive activities. check to Edward (2000) sum total use is the hazardous use of psychoactive contents, including inebriant and extracurricular drugs. It is the dependency that deteriorates indivi two-folds physical and mental health. Consistent with the continuum of chemically mediated responses, means use is a maladaptive coping manifested by frequent use and dependence of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs (APA 2000, p. 198 Stuart, 2009). WHO reported that globally 3.86 billion slew are involved in heart debauch in which US has the utmost prevalence whereas in Pakistan it is eve ryday among 6.4 million stack (Stuart, 2009).If substance use coexists with any mental illness its regarded as soprano diagnosis. Literature proposes that roughly 50% of the spate with psychiatric problems excessively fit from substance abuse disorders (chrome et al., 2009). In UK three quarters of drug and 85% of alcohol service users have mood and anxiety disorders (NIDA, 2007). Its a dilemma that which problem occurred first. However precipitating factors like loneliness, family disturbances, psychological illness, analphabetism trigger substance use in psychiatric guests (Donald Gail, 2009). In my stack to resolve the misery of such painful sensation and mental illness people engage in substance abuse which softens them recreation as highlighted in the below mentioned scenario.On my clinical rotation at C0 ward in AKUH, I encountered a middle aged patient with the dual diagnosis of depression and drug abuse. He was a chain smoker since 30 years and recently had angio plasty. According to the patient he developed stomachal ulcers 5 years back for which a local physician prescribed him Inj. Nubain. He wasnt conversant that the drug should be used cashbox certain time as associated with the risk of addiction. Patient continued victorious that medication and developed addiction. The medication not only lessened his pain and make him calm and relieved during his depressive episodes. After angioplasty he was forced for not using that drug which results intense disposition. Patient became contumacious and restless. whence he was admitted in C0 ward but intense craving made his situation worst resulting in tremors, sweating, insomnia, hypertension and mydriasis. When I visited that patient, he expressed I need drug, am very restless, this craving will end my life so to reroute his mind and lessen his suffering, I along with OT members aforethought(ip) to engage that patient in different activities. We taught him some coping strategies and in that location was a mild change observed in his performance and judicial admission after psychotherapeutics and cooping.Glancing the social context in light of scenario, substance abuse is judged as bad deed because it violets societal norms and values by precipitating ferocious acts, poverty, family disturbances etc. In the above case unmanageable behavior lead the admission of the client in ward. In secernate some communities illustrate acceptability too. furthermore Canadian mental health association (2006) and Steve Susan (2003) proposed the comparable fact that patients with dual diagnosis fag end can violence and peace less situation in a fellowship by sevenfold as well as for those who are warmth or living with them. tho substance use is 65% prevalent in mid adulthood and my patients age was in same age group which predisposed him towards this (Stuart, 2009).Furthermore religion exhibits a fundamental role in an psyches life. In Islam alcohol is forbidden thats why researches highlighted less incidence of alcohol abuse in Muslim society whereas higher incidence in westbound gentleman (Haider Chaudhry, 2008, p.82). Beside this in Pakistan opioids and marijuana is predominantly abused (UNODC, 2013). Opioid use primarily grants relieve in mental illness but its insularity encompasses cracking depression, chronic craving, tremors, sleep problems, high BP and dilated pupils as evident in my clients case (Stuart, 2009). what is more marijuana also serves as a source for decreasing negative symptoms in schizophrenic clients however in response it exacerbates their suffering (Archives of planetary Psychiatry, 2011). Survey conducted in Pakistan summarized that 53.6% of the adults smoke nargileh (Sameer et al, 2012 Khan, 2010). This percentage illustrates the acceptability of tobacco and shisha in eastern world that results psychosis in individuals already predisposed for developing it (Archives of General Psychiatry, 2011). Bhang use is also predominately enforced in Indian festivities that generate elated and hallucinating effects as encompasses psychotomimetic substances (Thacore, 1977).In Western world and popish Catholics drug abuse is more socially acceptable in females but referred unmasculine in males whereas the consumption of alcohol is considered masculine (Donald Gail, 2009). In US the complete alcohol use is the 3rd leading cause of death and it also precipitates mental illness by triggering depression, euphoria, mood disorders. Its unavailability would end up leading general depressant withdrawal syndrome. Furthermore 43% of people in US are tobacco abuser however sess opium is marked deviant (Donald Gail, 2009). Tobacco smoke is twice more common in depressive clients while thrice in schizophrenic patients. Besides granting pleasure it amplifies the chances of relapse in psychiatric patients (Ash, 2013). So while assessing the client with dual diagnosis HCWs should take these sociocultural aspects in consideration.When my client attempt to drop the addiction, he felt intense craving. Craving is evidently interpret in the light of neuroadaptive model as prolonged use of drugs induces special(prenominal) alterations in the brain cell or neurotransmitters which regulate neural drives and grant pleasure. During abstinence neuroadaption consequences in imbalance in brain function which results craving and this craving is accountable for relapse in individuals (Eliason et al., 2007).Interventions for such clients could be put to death within individual, institutional and community level. In my patient therapeutic interaction assisted me to perform MSE effectively. Dealing with craving was challenging nevertheless I taught him some coping techniques, mind diversional exercises. In addition the intervention that can be carried out is drug testing and if the patient has severe withdrawal history so referral can be made to detoxification program (Stuart, 2009). Furthermore the nu rse should develop consciousness about the state and feelings of substance abuser in order to eradicate biasness in caring. Assessment of withdrawal symptoms should be carried out every shift.On institutional level integrated intervention for dual diagnosis verified as evidence based practice (Stuart, 2009). My client was treated simultaneously for both depression and substance abuse. further medicines should be administered to alleviate craving as Methadone was been administered to my patient for plummeting his craving. Moreover individual counseling and CBT prove as a constructive barbel for clients reclamation and relapse prevention. Since 2000 AAS is also working for the rehabilitation of substance abusers using the same treatment methodologies such as psychotherapy and drug toxification Besides AAS there should be more rehabilitation centers in those areas where substance abuse is more prevalent in order to affect mental health.Community level interventions would embraces the conduction of school base awareness programs and workshops for eradicating the risk of substance abuse from initial ages and making individuals realize that substance use is not the accurate coping for alleviating mental illness. Developing phantasmal and social norms would converse an obvious message for drug avoidance in mentally ill clients to whom religion serves as a protective factor. Moreover campaign against substance use on national level would gravel as example for people in recognizing the harmful effects of it (Reno et al., 2000). capital punishment of strict Governmental policies and legislation on consumption and sale of alcohol and illicit drugs can help in reducing the occurrence of dual diagnosis. Detoxification and methadone maintenance programs can be arranged in communities with the avail of governmental authorities (Stuart, 2009 Reno et al., 2000).In conclusion, substance abuse can co-occur with mentally illness which impact an individuals life dreadful ly. To derive rid of this is difficult but not impractical. Diverse prevention strategies and earlier detection would assist its control and management. Moreover strong motivation from family, health care providers and especially self can immensely facilitate the individual to cope up and live a healthier life (Harrison, 2006).

The Book Of Exodus Theology

The Book Of hejira TheologyThe Book of hegira is the second book of the Old Testament. According to dictionary, the word Exodus basals, digression or emigration, usually of a large number of flock. (Dictionary.com). Exodus is the good continuation of the book of multiplication it picks up where the other one left off. propagation ended when matinee idol chose his people, the Jews of Israel. The book of Exodus can be sort into three sections the beginning, the middle, and the end.In the beginning, the book of Exodus explains what the luck where the enslavement of Jews low the Pharaoh. With all the difficulty and abandon the chosen people of God had to go by dint of, a Levi man married a Levite woman and gave birth to a son named Moses. During that period, the Pharaoh of Egypt had ordered, Every Hebrew boy that is born you must obligate into the Nile, but let every girl live(Exodus 122). Being a mother, she tried to hide her baby as much as she could and whence she had to let him go. After three months of hiding the baby, Moses mother put him in a papyrus basket and let him float away in between the weeds of the Nile. Moses ends up being raised by the miss of the Pharaoh. Moses grew up and became chosen to be the deliverer of Gods people. Moses went to Pharaoh to release the Jews. Pharaoh refuses and God through Moses brings forth the ten Plagues. Each Plague did more damage than its predecessor, the lead one with the death of the first born in the family, these raze t lead to the first Passover. Moses showed the Pharaoh how power full the God of Israel is, by the partition of the Red Sea to deliver the Israelites from Pharaoh.The middle segment of the book is rough journey to the land of the free. During which God gave people His Law carved on to a thick slice of stone. In spite of all the amenities given by God, the people fought against Him by making a statue of luxurious and started worshiping it. The Last portion of Exodus is how God crea ted the Ark of the Covenant, with its different aspects that He wants the people to follow including the forms of worship.RESPONSEThe idea of expiration to church came from the book of Exodus and it is very clear. The picture being painted ab come in the various sacrifices the Israelites take away to give was part of a master plan. The Passover Lamb of God, which is the utmost sacrifice humanity, could give. The sacrifice of the Lamb is seen in various parts of the Bible. For Instance, in Genesis Abraham ends up sacrificing a ram, in Exodus, during the last plague, a lamb was sacrificed and its furrow were marked on the door frame so that the Israelites would not be affected by the Plague. Imagine this, if lord had to kill the first born, how livid must have he been in order to do such(prenominal) a terrible thing. On another note, it is interesting see how God give the people the Ten Commandments know which they would not be capable to keep. It shows us that we are not able to abide by even the simplest of laws. Gods involvement in the people of Israel is clearly shown, through their deliverance from thrall to the food and water in the desert. I believe that it shows that God give provide with all our needs as long as we savour him with all our heart. An example of this concept is, Give, and it depart be given to you (Luke 6 38). From the book of Exodus, we understand that sin is something that never gets unpunished. Gods does punish you for our sins, sooner or later. It is implied that if we are relieved of a situation we shouldnt be in, it means that we shouldnt go back to it. Especially, it is said in Exodus about not going back to other Gods. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. You shall have no other Gods before me. From this it is very plain about the concept of going back to your old self. On a separate note, why did the Lord harden the Pharaohs heart? So does that mean he was showing that he was o n both sides, or hardly put a way to prove us that we had free will? If it was the latter than the former, why go through such extreme circumstances? Could He have made the point with less causality? Something to emphatically make us think and analyze about is the way I look at it.

The Physical Atmosphere in Faulkner’s Dry September :: Faulkner’s Dry September Essays

The Physical Atmosphere in Faulkners Dry SeptemberAn unknown patron in the barbershop at the beginning of Dry September makes virtuoso of the key statements in the short report card Its this durn weather. . . Its plentiful to make a man do anything (170). The patron sees the heat and drought as having possibly driven a black man to onslaught or off balance a white woman. The idea that the weather has an gear up on the townspeople is echoed at the end of the story when McLendons married woman says, I couldnt sleep. . .The heat something (182). In both examples, the clim turn of eventsic conditions and out-of-door environment are seen as affecting the town d easyers behavior. The physical atmosphere, however, seems to be more a reflection of the emotional atmosphere of the townspeople than the cook of their agitation, as the barbershop patron would have us believe. In particular, the dust that pervades the story can be seen as a reflection of the dried-up, mo nononous, and lone ly humans of Minnie Cooper. She lives with two old women, her sick mother and her sallow, unflagging aunt, and Minnies years are typically filled with nothing more than eating, napping, and going to shops in town to meet with other women haggling oer prices for the fun of it (173). Minnie does not even have genuine friendships to enliven her idle and empty or dry and dusty days (175). Instead of establishing a female comradeliness in the midst of characters, Faulkner portrays relations between women as marked by tenseness and dissimulation one of those bitter inexplicable (to the man mind) amicable enmities which pass by between women (156, Absalom, Absalom). As Minnies presumed friends during girlhood become women, they take pastime in the fact that Minnies transition to womanhood marks the end of her days as a social butterfly Faulkner calls it the pleasure of vengeance (174). The neighbors she visits on Christmas, women friends most likely, revel in the opportunity to tel l her of how well her former love-interest is doing without her in Memphis, watching with sparkly, secret eyes her haggard bright face (175). When Minnie is having a fit of uncontrollable laughter at the end, the women she is with act solicitous and kind, smoothing her hair and saying poor girl to her, but this is shown to be dissimulationthey smooth her hair, not to comfort her, but to look for signs of graying, and between the expressions of compassion spoken in Minnies hearing, they speculate furtively over the veracity of her claim (182).

Modern American History: From the Second World War to Today. Essay

state of war is an obliterate machine employed by every nation from Third World countries to Global Empires throughout military personnels history. This essay give attempt to review Modern American History from the World War II to present day. Key aras will be exam are 1) patriotism and propaganda used by the brass during wartime, 2) the single-valued function of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) enforcing domestic laws during the Cold War era of American history, 3) the intervenes of the unify States abroad in many aspects from gaining strategic advantages, control of natural resources, depose of oppressive governments, the spread of political and ghostlike system, and commercial self-interest, to 4) how the media shapes our historical world both past and present. The final split up injects a personal view. When American fights against another country, one of the most faultfinding aspects its leaders must make certain is the peoples adjudge of the war. This mainstrea m public supports enable the country to raise funds and finances the war. To catch how regime can achieve such a dynamic grammatical constituent and guarantees its success, we need to review Susan Brewers work. Through her book, title - why America Fights Patriotism and War Propaganda from the Philippines to Iraq, well discuss the multifaceted role of the American media in shaping of public perception during times of war. Well dissect the role of war propaganda, and the means by which the military, and the media, cooperated in making the war presentable to the American public, by referring to Why Viet Nam (Brewer chapter 5) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (Brewer chapter 6). If exemption is to survive in any American hometown it must be continue in such places as South Viet Nam President Lyndon B. Joh... ...endent from foreign corporations who are controlling the countrys resources. First, there is the monopoly held by Electric bond & Share (Kinzer 132). Second, there is the In ternational Railways of Central America, which owned nearly all told the countrys rail lines, including the sole link between the smashing and the Atlantic port of Puerto Barrios most of which is also owned (Kinzer 132). Third, there is the United Fruit, which owned more than 550,000 acres, about one-fifth of the countrys arable land (Kinzer 133). He did what he set out to do and that is to transcend the Agrarian Reform Law, specifically targeting these private corporations. At the end, his actions led to adverse results that force him to resign his presidency. Indochina, the French government has colonized Viet Nam in the ordinal century for its natural resources of rubber (Kinzer 150).

Max Planck :: essays research papers

Max PlanckOn April 23, 1858 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany.He was the sixth child of a law professor at the University of Kiel. At the ageof nine his bet in physics and mathematics was developed by his teacherHermann Muller. When he graduated at the age of seventeen he decided to use upphysics over music for his career. Although he is know for physics he was anexceptional pianist who had acquired the gift of being able to hear dictatorialpitch. His favorite works of music were known to be Schubert and Brahms.Entering the University of Munich in 1874 he got little inspiration and wasunimpressed at the University of Berlin which was between the age of 1877 and1878. He in turn did independent studies primarily on Rudolf Clausius literatureof thermodynamics which inspired him and in July 1879 he received his doctoraldegree at the age of twenty-one. He became a lecturer at the University ofMunich. His father helped him be promoted to associate professor at Kie l bymeans of professional connections. At the age of thirty he was promoted to fullprofessor at the University of Berlin. later he decided to become a conjectural physicist he started a quest for despotic laws. His favorite absolute law was the law of the conservation of qualification which was the first law of thermodynamics that stated that you could takeany tinge amount of energy and transform it into the same equal amount of energyideally, meaning no energy was lost. The second law of thermodynamics led himto denounce the quantum of action or Plancks constant h. How he came upon hisformula for quantum mechanics easily be explained as follows. Planck saw thatblackbody ray of light acted in an absolute sense because it was defined byKirchhoff as a substance that could plight almost all radiating energy and emitall that it had intent perfectly which is associated with the first law ofthermodynamics. By using various experiments and theoretical failures manyscientists tried to find the spectral energy distri moreoverion to chasten and draw adiagram of a curve that showed the amount of radiation given off at differentfrequencies for a blackbody with a given temperature. Then using Wiens lawwhich worked out for high frequencies but didnt work for low, he saw arelationship with the mathematics of the south of the radiation in the high- oftenness waves in correlation to the low frequency waves and he guessed if hecombined the two in the simplest way that he would get a formula that related to

Quality Deer Management Essay -- Hunting Wildlife Conservation

Quality deer ManagementThere is no other turgid- gage animal in North the States like the white-tailed deer. The whitetails home ground is so widespread that it covers just about all of North America and parts of Central America. The white-tailed deer is the most commonly hunted big game animal eer. Before the knacktlers arrived, an estimated 30 million whitetails inhabited what is instantaneously the United States and Canada. But as settlers pursued them for food and market hunters slaughtered them with snares, traps, and set guns, the deer population underwent a disastrous decline. By 1900, only 400,000 whitetails remained. What happened ever since 1900 has truly become a huge conservation success story. finished a massive effort by sportsmen and wildlife managers, market hunting was outlawed, sport-hunting regulations were established, and habitat improvement programs began. Because of the efforts of these concerned people the whitetail population has risen to most 20 m illion.The deer population has increased so much that in many areas, they suffer from chronic starvation. Bucks only laws passed years ago to dish up in re-establishing the dwindling deer herds now work against the deer by resulting in an overabundance of does. Even with the overabundance of does many hunters refuse to saddle a doe. They believe in the old saying, It takes a doe to stand a buck. This is entirely true but it ignores the basic law of reputation that any piece of land, and the food and cover in it, can contain only so much game. If the excess game is non harvested by hunters or killed by predators, nature will take over and destroy enough animals as needed or more through unsoundness and starvation. Thats why hunting is a much more kind means for a deer ... ...also depend on how wildlife agencies respond to this idea. throughout history, many northern states have gone all out on shooting bucks. Now they realize that just shooting bucks do not equal quality deer herds. I believe that it is time to grant Quality cervid Management a part of every hunters game plan. The benefits may not happen right away but later a couple of years you will have years and years of quality hunting. You not only will have a come apart hunting experience but you will also have playfulness implementing Quality Deer Management on your land.Bibliographyhttp//www.burnsville.org/deer_management June 18, 2001http//www.dnr.state.wi.us/ July 19, 2001QDM Are You Up To Its Challenges? Deer and Deer Hunting November 1999 Krause Publications Inc. QDM Can Your State Make It Happen? Deer and Deer Hunting November 1999 Krause Publications Inc.

An Examination of Rubyfruit Jungle and Her Critics Essay -- Rubyfruit

An psychometric test of Rubyfruit Jungle and Her Critics Rita Mae Browns basic novel, Rubyfruit Jungle made waves when it was first released in 1973. Its run has not gone away over the years and is in its seventh printing. While mainstream critics failed to acknowledge Rubyfruit Jungle in their papers, magazines and discussions on contemporary literary productions, in that location are plenty of non-mainstream voices to fill the void. While these lesser-known sources are not invariably credible, and certainly not always accurate they have created a word-of-mouth reputation of the novel and have facilitated its continuous success. The problem in researching such a novel is that there is very little criticism. One cannot swan on book reviews from unknown magazines and personal websites in order to aright examine secondary sources. Knowing that there is virtually no vituperative analysis on Rubyfruit Jungle changes the questions that the novel itself raises, and forces on e to examine wherefore this novel was not worthy of discussion. There could be several answers to this mystery, the about obvious being that it was written by and is about a homosexual. the States has never fully allowed people to come out without reprimand and up until the time of this novel, the only fiction that focused on lesbians emphasized their degrade and grief over their sexual identity. The idea that Rubyfruit Jungle has not been looked at in academic circles simply because it is a novel about a lesbian who feels no shame or guilt about her sex activity is only part of the problem, it is not the only reason why Browns first novel is not discussed. While Molly Bolt is a lesbian and proud of it, other lesbians are not so proud of her and what she stands for. Rubyfruit ... ...unity that is static often ignored in literature. Could it be that one must detention until the next millennium in order to find voices in literature that accurately represent the society in whic h it is portraying? Works Cited Brown, Rita Mae. give-and-take Reviews. Rita Mae Brown Homepage. 2 December 1999.<http//www.ritamaebrown.com/books/rmb.html>. Brown, Rita Mae. Rubyfruit Jungle. New York Daughters Publishing Company, 1973. Fishbein, Leslie. Rubyfruit Jungle Lesbianism, Feminism, and Narcissism. world(prenominal) Journal of Womens Studies 7.2 (1984) 155-159. Innes, Charlotte. Rita Meter Maid. Los Angeles Times 30 Nov. 1997 3. Ward, Carol. Rita Mae Brown. New York Twain Publishers, 1993. Webb, Marilyn. Daughters, Inc. A Publishing House is Born. Ms. Magazine 26 (1974) 37.

Eloquent Boldness :: essays research papers

Eloquent BoldnessShould slavery be allowed in the United States? This question divided our commonwealth into two translate off entities in the late 1800s and laid the foundation for an ethically compel spoken language. On June 16,1858, Abraham capital of Nebraska, the republican candidate for the U.S. Senate, spoke out to over 1,000 Republican delegates in the Springfield, Illinois, state house for the Republican State Convention. At this gathering, capital of Nebraska delivered an extremely courageous, A House Divided, speech. In this eloquent yet intrepid speech capital of Nebraska uses certainty that appeals to feeling, evidence revealing credibility and evidence that appeals to reason in hopes of encouraging support in the Republican consume the formation of a unified nation without slavery.capital of Nebraska builds an appeal to emotion with the first account of the speech, Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention. This report gives each member of the audition a sense of importance and captures their attention by personally addressing the delegates in an honorable and professional manner. Lincoln emotionally involves his audience throughout the speech through rhetorical questions. Lincoln uses these questions to imply that slavery is an unethical and guilty practice that must be eliminated. An example of this would be when Lincoln states that the nation as a whole will either completely permit slavery or bring slavery to an ultimate extinction. He follows this statement with the rhetorical question, Have we no tendency to the latter condition? With this statement Lincoln evokes the emotion of sympathy from the audience through ethical appeal. in conclusion he hopes to instill the belief that the elimination of slavery is the correct dissolving agent to the current problem of the increasing rift between the North and South. Lincoln uses the metaphor, A nutriment dog is better than a dead lion. Regarding the comments do by those who b elieve the greatest of the Republican party are polished compared to their adversaries. This belittles the Republican delegates and raises them up in anger in hopes that they will take action against this accusation. The reference to the Republican party members as a living dog, plays on the emotion of anger invoked by the Democratic comments. With the uses of this metaphor Lincoln hopes to help in the accomplishment of the Republican cause. In his closing remarks Lincoln states that, those whose hands are free, whose hearts are in the work and who do care for the result are they who must be intrusted with the republican cause.

The Lives of Oprah Winfery and Malcolm X :: essays papers

The Lives of Oprah Winfery and Malcolm XThe lives of Malcolm X and Oprah Winfery have some similaritiess but mostlydifferences. The biggest similarities is that they are both rattling accomplishedblack Americans. Malcolm X was a hustler, robber and a actually messed up churl.After going to chink he decided to duty tour his life around. In a few ways Oprahwas the same way. She had strugg guide with her encumbrance all of her life. Finallyshe decided to do something or so it.When Malcolm was a child his family didnt have very much money. They livedin a run-down post with many brothers and sisters. To make matters worse,they were a black family. When he was about 15 years old his father wasrun over by a cart. He was nearly cut in half The police state it was anaccident but, Malcolm and his family knew it wasnt. After his father diedthings went down hill. His mother was so unhinged by his death that she couldnttake care of her family. Malcolm approached to hang out with the i ncorrect people. Hebecame a hustler, he would rob people for money and worth(predicate) things theyowned. He also started to get into hard drugs during his teenage years. All ofthis led to him dropping out of school and his mom was put into a psychicalhospital. When he was seventeen years old he was arrested and put into jail.This was the start of his new start. He started reading the dictionary Hisspeed increase incredibly. By reading the dictionary his vocabulary becamemuch better so he started reading books. After serving 8-10 years in jail hegot out and started to speak against racism. He was a very unattackable speaker,which many people, including some whites, listened to. He would always be uttering about how the whites didnt treat them right and to fight againstthem. On February 21, 1965 Malcolm was speaking at a OAAU rally in Harlem andhe was shot and killed. Oprah Winfery, a talk read producer and host, actress, and a very charitableperson. She began her occupational g roup in telly when she was nineteen years old.She was the youngest and the first African-American woman to be a news anchorat Nashvilles WTVF-TV. Nine years after her T.V. career took off she moved toChicago to host a morning talk signal, A.M. Chicago which became the numberone rated talk show just a month after Oprah took over. In less than a yearthe show expanded into a hour long program and was renamed, The Oprah Winfery

Canada Is Becoming Too Americanized Essay -- essays research papers

Canada Is becoming Too AmericanizedToday Canada and the United States be major trading surgical incisionners, allies, and two neighboring countries with a long narration of cooperation with each other. notwithstanding is it achievable for Canada to protect its independence and nicety documentation next door to the state of matter so powerful and rich as the United States. Since the Canadian confederation, Canada started ontogenesis relations with the U.S. As the historic period passed by, Canada began to put across on the United States in the national defense. Many Canadians think that the military, policy-making and economical dependence would non make a difference to their chance(a) life. But today more hence even Canadian floriculture is affected by the American influence. Media, American artists, economic dependence, American propaganda and political pressure from the United States is qualification Canada in any case Americanized. All of these factors reflec t on the social life of average Canadians threatening the heritage and the traditions that define Canada as independent country. Canada and the United States atomic number 18 the largest trade partners in the world. It is the result of the geographical position of two countries and the degage trade between two countries. It should be a great social occasion for the economies of both countries, but since the North American Free Trade agreement was signed, American businesses almost took over the Canadian economy. When the American companies started to make more business in Canada, it brought more jobs and currency to the country in the short-term. But as a long-term tack Canadians became even more depended on the U.S. as the American companies started dominating Canadian companies in Canada. Also, today Canadian manufacturers have little protection from the brass when ch... ...m persistence, which is the largest in the world. From the movies and stages people memorize the life style, American life style. They are becoming more Americanized each time when they watch a ikon where American marines one again save the world. A huge part of American movie industry is based on propaganda movies. And this is not all, bois in the information programs such as CNN and ABC sometimes can be completely misinformed.Finally, if the comparison were of all time made a survey, it would heartyly show the full scale of Americanization in Canada. But until now we can yet see from the daily life, how American culture is inviting Canada. Today more then ever, Canadians are in real danger of loosing their national identity. It is unfortunate that if the instruction of this cultural influence leave alone be done few years later, it might be too late to save Canadian culture and identity. Canada Is Becoming Too Americanized study -- essays research papersCanada Is Becoming Too AmericanizedToday Canada and the United States are major trading partners, allies, and two neighboring countries with a long history of cooperation with each other. But is it possible for Canada to protect its independence and culture living next door to the country so powerful and rich as the United States. Since the Canadian confederation, Canada started developing relations with the U.S. As the years passed by, Canada began to relay on the United States in the national defense. Many Canadians think that the military, political and economical dependence would not make a difference to their daily life. But today more then even Canadian culture is affected by the American influence. Media, American artists, economic dependence, American propaganda and political pressure from the United States is making Canada too Americanized. All of these factors reflect on the social life of ordinary Canadians threatening the heritage and the traditions that define Canada as independent country. Canada and the United States are the largest trade partners in the world. I t is the result of the geographical position of two countries and the free trade between two countries. It should be a great thing for the economies of both countries, but since the North American Free Trade Agreement was signed, American businesses almost took over the Canadian economy. When the American companies started to make more business in Canada, it brought more jobs and money to the country in the short-term. But as a long-term effect Canadians became even more depended on the U.S. as the American companies started dominating Canadian companies in Canada. Also, today Canadian manufacturers have little protection from the government when ch... ...m industry, which is the largest in the world. From the movies and shows people see the life style, American life style. They are becoming more Americanized every time when they watch a film where American marines one again save the world. A huge part of American movie industry is based on propaganda movies. And this is not all, b ois in the information programs such as CNN and ABC sometimes can be completely misinformed.Finally, if the comparison were ever made a survey, it would really show the full scale of Americanization in Canada. But until now we can only see from the daily life, how American culture is inviting Canada. Today more then ever, Canadians are in real danger of loosing their national identity. It is unfortunate that if the study of this cultural influence will be done few years later, it might be too late to save Canadian culture and identity.

Negative Outcomes from Portrayal of Young Women in the Media Essay

When whiz thinks of media, one tends to relate media to television, news, magazines, newspaper articles, and so on. Many people do not think of media is something that portrays negative effectuate on young women. However, young women ar more susceptible to light self-esteem resulting in eating disorders or depression more directly than ever before. The media projects negative and undermining images of women and one does not have to look genuinely hard to realize this. The media projects images of unrealistic women who only look the way they do because of plastic surgery or airbrushing techniques. The media has much greater effects on young girls than anything else in our culture today. Our society has created an environment so haunt with image that those who have the power bequeath disapproval for world overweight, and give approval for existence thin. This has created a generation of women so self apprised about their be that it starts to affect their health in ma ny contrastive ways. Where Portrayal StartsOn average, boys and girls spend anywhere from two to six hours a day being exposed to television, the internet, magazine articles, video games, and so on. (4) This is a massive amount of succession spent over the years think media. With time, all the advertisements become normal to us and we tend to accept what is being shown on the television. Some of this is perfectly fine. Watching televison, researching the internet, and magazine articles help one receive information. Although much of this information is a learning opportunity, many do not take the time to consider the negative affects media does have. Over time one starts to see repetitive advertisements and start to tune them out, which and so we lodge to this, and it b... ...d how they really are in a positive way.Final ThoughtsThe number of how media effects young teenage girls is a grave concern that keeps growing. Campaigns and advertisements that coiffure pressures on these young girls to be thin are continuously growing. These unalterable pressures to be thin and beautiful are drawing them forth from being themselves. Girls are now starting to resort to harmful eating habits and body dissatisfaction at a young age. These unhealthy habits will start to revile our young women, and will take an ultimate toll on our future. Women are beautiful the way they are. Our society does not need to take away from the happiness that one has by using computer imaging to earn one down. In a perfect world everyone would look the same and have the same beauty, but it is not a perfect world, which then makes everyone beautiful in their own way.

The Crucible: A Masterpiece of Dramatic Writing Essay -- Essay on The

The Crucible provides us with an example of a masterpiece of salient writing. In this play Arthur miller gives us a stimulating example of the use of a manikin of theatrical techniques. His most powerful motion pictures in The Crucible have prevalent characteristics very effective use of stage actions, long build-ups of suspense that tot up crashing down in thundering climaxes, intense displays of emotion and an abundance of spectacular irony. These are my three chosen scenes p46-50 Tituba........Devil, p98-100 She thinks.......Oh God and p101-105 You will.....Mr crush. Because of the importance of these scenes as key moments in the play milling machine exercises them strikingally superb so that the No,sir by Elizabeth that decides the outcome of dozens of lives and of her own and her husbands, John follow is to a fault the climax of the most effective build-up of suspense in the play. The effectivness of these scenes is also enhanced by powerful characters such(prenominal ) as John follow and Danforth who display such intensity in their emotions and actions that the earreach can non help but be moved. But most of all, these scenes show Millers theatrical qualities so that by the end of each of these scenes we not only understand his message but also find ourself positive(p) by his arguments . The dramatic impact of a play is enhanced when the audience understands all the different aspects of the main characters. It helps them become more involved and at the same time gives the author the chance to display some dramatic irony. Miller uses stage actions to that end in the branch chosen scene of The Crucible. In this scene Titubas inner conflict and Hales resolution is clearly expressed through the stage actions. Tituba first denies having seen ... ... power. The Crucible is considered by many Millers masterpiece, it both displays his dramatic and theatrical qualities in such a way as to make it disturbing and socially relevant. In it one can find his views on society as a whole and on current events such as Mccarthyism which similarily to the medieval Church and justice system searched for individuals who by their ideals and ideas they snarl threatened the supremacy of their system. Miller made The Crucible the starting gratuity for the audience to reflect on their own society and culture. But at the same time Miller polished his deep philosophical organise with superb stage directions, likeable characters and nerve-racking suspense. Works CitedArthur Millers The Crucible Fact & Fiction http//www.ogram.org/17thc/crucible.shtmlMiller, Arthur. The Crucible A Screenplay. New York Penguin Books, 2006.

Rock Bands Essay examples -- Music, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones

Along with the Beatles, The bun Stones ar one of the approximately famous English rock readinesss to influence the States. Introducing teenagers to African American urban blues, and transforming the urban blues into something like high-energized rock and roll are however some of the things the Stones brought to America (Kallen 10-11). The original line-up of the band included Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Brian Jones, rice paddy Jagger, and Ian Stewart (Kallen 8-9). They have come a long way to get where they are now, and to this day they are still playacting their music around the world.The Rolling Stones are an English rock band, they have been around since the early 1960s. The band was brought together by Keith Richards and Mick Jagger. Richards and Jagger were friends all throughout their boyhood until their families ended up moving away from each other. After that they went their separate ways until 1960 when they met up with each other at a train station in England. A month after their renewal they started up the band (Kallen17). During the snip Richards and Jagger were getting their band started Brian Jones was working his way up the music chain. He sat in to play with a band named Blues Incorporated, they contend together often in a Jazz Club in London (Kallen17). Eventually Jones decided he was ready to start his accept band and he put out an ad in publisher that he was looking for band mates (Kallen18). Ian Stewart was the first to respond to his ad, abruptly after Richards and Jagger showed up to the auditions. That was the official start of the band. They still went on playing gigs without an official name, until they finally decided to name themselves Rollin Stones after a marshy Waters song. Muddy Waters was where The Stones ... ...he was just a temporary replacement. But finally Wood just became a extremity of The Rolling Stones. He fit perfectly into the band. His roots, and origins were the same as theirs and non t o mention he looked mirror image to Keith Richards. His first full album that he contributed to was Black and Blue which was released in 1976 (The Rolling Stones Biography). Ronnie Wood was the hold out addition to the band. This creates the final line-up today of Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Ronnie Wood and Charlie Watts. The Rolling Stones influenced America so much. They brought together so some(prenominal) types of music genres, and completely showed us a new side of rock and roll. Still today they are traveling around the world playing their music for so many people. Even after fifty years they just will not quit, they have established on of the most biggest fan bases out there.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

SettingThe stage takes place on an island somewhere in the ocean. The island is draw by the author as tropical and boat shaped. Along the bank there are sandy beaches followed by a variety of plant and "creepers". There are also the orchards, which rise up to the treeless and rasping and rugged mountain ridge which ext abrogates out of the ocean. Judging from the predicament and communion in this story the date in which it takes place is probably the middle 1900s during World War II. The mood created in this story is very Byzantine and rapidly changing. It changes from that of a scary, recessive mood to a light, and cheery one. The course in which the story is written the mood can change literally from chapter to chapter. In the inauguration it starts out light and happy and as the impertinent progresses and the sons start to battle, it starts to become dark and savage.CharactersJack is red- takeed and thin he is also introduced as the leader of the boys choir. To his dismay he loses the election for leader and he becomes the head hunter and is also in charge of maintaining the signal fire. As the story progresses he and his hunters begin to "slack-off" and abandon their duties in caring for the fire. In the end Jack and his hunters leave Ralph and start their own tribe on the bumpy side of the island.Ralph is a tall, blond and is one of the oldest boys on the island. In the beginning of the story he is pictured as the leader of the boys when he blows the conch baffle to call the first assembly. During the course of the story he tries to maintain the expression of their civilization and is continually forced to compete with Jack for approval from the boys.Piggy is a fat, asthmatic boy with bad vision. Throughout the story his weaknesses are preyed upon by the other boys much like that of the "pigs" on the island, thus the name. But condescension his appearance, Ralph begins to depend upon Piggy for intellectual and spirit ual guidance. Do to his vision, Piggy had remarkably thick glasses, which was a benefit to the others on the island, and aided in the visible radiation of the signal fire and in the roasting of the pigs.Simon was a skinny, silent boy with black hair.

Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt Essay -- Papers History Compare Contra

Comparing Mesopotamia and EgyptBefore the beginning of history, multitude from across the land gradually developed numerous endings, each preposterous in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia and Egypt are eventful to the history of the world because of religious, amicable, political and economic develop manpowert. Mesopotamia was the prototypal civilization, which was around 3000 B.C., and all other countries evolved from it. Mesopotamia emerged from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The soil was rich and market-gardening was plentiful. The Semitic nomads occupied the land around Akkad. The Sumerians conventional the city-states. Villages became urban centers. Because of the formation of the city-states everything flourished. However, Mesopotamian agriculture lacked stones therefore mud brick became their major building block. Their diet consisted of fish from the rivers. The rivers were swamp frequently destroyed the cities. Mesopot amians made their living from crops and pottery. Mesopotamian society was stratified into classes and social differences. It was composed of nobles, free clients of the nobility, commoners and slaves. Slave women participated in the textile industry. Free women did exist, however, men dominated the women in Mesopotamia. The nobles consisted of the king, his family, the chief priests, and high palace officials. The king was a war leader elected by the citizens. He established an forces and led it into battle. Kingship was hereditary. Commoners were free citizens.The school system of the Sumerians set the educational standards for Mesopotamia culture and other cultures to follow. Their studies included mathematics, botany and linguistics. Some students tha... ...rule of Amenemhet. He was responsible for construct democracy, staff of scribes and administrations. He used propaganda literature to reinforce his position as king. The Egyptians pictured him as a good shephe rd opposed to out of reach(predicate) god. Ammon was given prominise over other gods. His kingdom became extremely powerful. He established trades with foreign land and formed a standing Army and build forts on the southern frontier.The Second Intermediate Period lasted 150 years. Hyksos from promised land invaded it. The New dry land begins when Hyksos are driven out of Palestine. The New Kingdom was the 18th Dynasty. Ahmose I take over. He reunified the country. Women played in an important role in the New Kingdom. Hatshepsut was a powerful female. She was the wife of Thutmose II and mother of Thutmose III. The wars were fought in horse drawn carriages.

Kants categorical Imperitave applied Essay -- essays research papers

Kant describes the categorical domineering as expressed by an ought and thereby indicate the relation of an objective law of reason to a get out that is not necessarily determined by this law because of its subjective constitution. In other words, a categorical impetrative is a command of ethical motive that applies all over at all times no matter what, without exception. Kant describes dickens forms of imperatives, supposed(a) and categorical.Kant defines the hypothetical imperative as an performance is severe for few purpose, any possible or actual. The hypothetical imperative that Kant describes is a emplacement that prescribes an run as a mode to get a accompaniment end. In this imperative, inclination is allowed to play a role in your motives. It states action at law is good for some purpose, either possible or actual. Rational valet beings may use appropriate means and ends that are based ineluctably or wants. It is these actions that Kant considers to be hy pothetical imperatives. Next, when Kant defines the categorical imperative he states that, the action is represented as good in itself, and hence as essential in a will which of itself conforms to reason as the principle of the will. He is broadly speaking saying that a categorical imperative is an ends that is a means exclusively to itself and not to some other need, desire, or purpose. The categorical imperative may be based on an end in itself. Duties git be classified under categorica... Kants categorical Imperitave applied Essay -- essays look papers Kant describes the categorical imperative as expressed by an ought and thereby indicate the relation of an objective law of reason to a will that is not necessarily determined by this law because of its subjective constitution. In other words, a categorical impetrative is a command of morality that applies everywhere at all times no matter what, without exception. Kant describes two forms of imperatives, hypoth etical and categorical.Kant defines the hypothetical imperative as an action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual. The hypothetical imperative that Kant describes is a situation that prescribes an action as a means to get a particular end. In this imperative, inclination is allowed to play a role in your motives. It states action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual. Rational human beings may use appropriate means and ends that are based needs or wants. It is these actions that Kant considers to be hypothetical imperatives. Next, when Kant defines the categorical imperative he states that, the action is represented as good in itself, and hence as necessary in a will which of itself conforms to reason as the principle of the will. He is generally saying that a categorical imperative is an ends that is a means only to itself and not to some other need, desire, or purpose. The categorical imperative may be based on an end in itself. Duties can be classifie d under categorica...

MCM sonar technology :: essays research papers

ABSTRACTSearching for mines is a time consuming and relatively hazardous operation that is heavily charge in the favour of the miner if the defending force has not hustling the battlespace beforehand. In simple basis, if the environment in which the enemy is likely to transmit a mine attack is known, and the defending forces are familiar with the stinkpot conditions then the enemy mines are more easily localised and later on eliminated. The method of achieving this familiarity with the environment is known by a number of terms but most commonly used is Q-Route Survey or scarcely Route Survey. From the introduction of minehunting echo sounders in the 60s Navies have been evoke in developing selective informationbases of the minelike bottom objects with theareas that they may operate the battlespace. These efforts have been plagued by a number of fundemental equipment and philosophical problems. Apart from the difficulties faced with precisely posture the mine-like objects o n the bottom the general navigation and plotting accuracies of the vessels was very poor. This contributed to so striking a lack of confidence by succeeding vessel commanders just about the validity of the database of bottom objects that the databases invariably failed. The failure of a MCM database is catastrophic for the defenders, after an attack, as it means that all bottom objects would need to be reinvestigated to switch off they were not mines.Even in moderately cluttered bottom conditions such(prenominal) as in harbours or approaches where there may be 300-400 objects per kilometer of 600m wide channel the investigation and discrimination of all these objects would involve a speed of advance for the dedicated minehunting vessel of less than one tangleThere had to be a more efficient way. In the archean 80s the sidescan sonar systems were being supplemented by the fabulously stringy 286 computers. This allowed the sonar signal to be digitised, displayed on a screen and record to magnetic medium then stored.This opened the way for the sidescan sonar to be used to define the battlespace. The first generation systems have done a quite good job of achieving the aims when employed by efficient, well proficient crews. However, this has been the exception rather than the rule, and the quality of the data so far unruffled probably less than optimum. In addition the storage of this early data was invariably based on the basis of positioning all the minelike contacts geographically and a consequent lack of care with storage of the original sonar data.