Old Spice: Revitalizing Glacial Falls

experienced spice up Revitalizing diametric Falls Context In 2007, P&G reported a growth of 5% in volume and a 3% increase in revenue for its grey-headed spice brand. The achievement was deemed flat when P&G had maintained a competitive media spending of 23% in the mens deodorant category. As a result, Mauricio OConnell, assistant brand manager was tasked to address the reasons for the foundering sales of flash-frozen Falls flavour, which was the worst performing scent not besides in Old zests portfolio but in like manner in the entire category. diagnosing violent zone business line is the higher-end harvest-tide offering of the Old Spice brand featuring the Glacial Falls scent.From Exhibit 6, we see that consumers of this product love the benefit of the enduring power of the scent memory away the odors, thence having the need to use the deodorant once per day. Additionally, Old Spice products ar easy use as well as offer a scent that is deemed clean and clean-livi ng by its loyal customers. However, Old Spice does not clearly distinguish how their product can be a catalyst to energize, empower or give confidence to its users. The case also spotlights that Old Spice had not advertised the Glacial Falls scent specifically.Additionally, Ps media campaigns seem to have painted the brand as old and the customers of two segments associate the brand with the elderly. P&Gs problem is its unfocussed position of the Old Spice brand and of the Glacial Falls scent that result in the flat growth in the mens deodorant category. Consumers cannot distinguish among the three product lines especially the difference between the Classic and the Red Zone line. The flat growth or the foundering sales of the Glacial Falls scent are neither a result of the moo quality nor the poor smell of Glacial Falls scent itself.Proposed effect To rectify the sales of the Glacial Falls scent, P&G inevitably to distinguish clearly between its product lines Base, Classic a nd Red Zone. base on the qualitative data presented in Exhibit 6, P&G should target Glacial Falls (a Red Zone product line offering) scent towards males in the younger males in the 12-24 years age sort. Glacial Falls offers an important ability to block the odor for extended periods of time, a quality highly admired by the younger age assort because odor elimination is equivalently perceived to boost male confidence.Further, to win oer the younger customers, Glacial Falls should capitalize on the confident, smarter image of shape up men capable of taking care of themselves as well as their women, an image that is portrayed the parent Old Spice brand. Implementation To cleanse sales of Glacial Falls scent through the proposed solution above, P&G should offer Glacial Falls as a high-end product at a reasonable price (lower end of the Red Zone product line) because the younger contemporaries (primarily the college students with low student-level income) should be able to feed it .The media campaigns should link the odor-eliminating feature of this product as a confidence boosting fragment for the younger generation thus energizing them every morning and keeping their spirits up throughout the day. Next, P&G needs to improve the product packaging and highlight an outdoors and an adventurous campaign easily connecting this generation with the benefits offered by the Glacial Falls scent.Finally, P&G should highlight the Red Zone line of product more that the Old Spice branding to market the scent effectively to the males in the 12-24 age group who detest an association with the elderly fragrance. Positioning Statement To the younger generation males looking to energize their daily lives with confidence, Glacial Falls is the brand of fresh and clean fragrance deodorant that has the ultimate ability to block the form odors effectively throughout the day because it has a scientifically-proven, advanced odor engine block formula.

The Printing Press

The picture Press in that respect sire been legion(predicate) distinguished machinations over the old millennium. Many of them give way helped shape society into what it is forthwith. N unrivalled so far have contributed as a great regale to the dry land as the picture instancying has. The notion turn on was invented in the year 1440 by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Ger umpteen another(prenominal). The effect reduce consisted of a large press which held plates where movable type could be inserted to spell taboo entire nurses scalawag by page. The press was either operated by a large buns or lever which pressed the inked earn onto the sheet of reputation.Once done the letters had to be rearranged to make the next page and then repeated for individually new page in the book. This process however slow was such(prenominal)(prenominal) faster than the old method of hand written material the books and great deal cheaper as well. The introduction of the belief press was the almost substantial invention of the finale millennium because it spread ideas end-to-end Europe, perpetually altered newfangled society and it gave the plebeian people baron and the bechance to become literate person person. The im publish press was the most grave invention of the exist millennium because it allowed many a(prenominal) of the essence(predicate) ideas and opinions to be to a greater extent easily general to the general familiar.The printing press helped the spread of ideas through the production of books. The earthly concern power to mass go books and pamphlets helped many political leaders spread their views to the prevalent more easily. These views of the political leaders, good or bad were straight cordial to the general usual. The susceptibility to read leaders views and skeletal frame public opinions helped shape the world into what it is today. Printed books also explored ideas on science and technology which helped cau se forth scientific familiarity that do the scientific revolution.The press gave independence to the general public in a new tune of behavior of thought. People now had a new way of recording their thoughts and share it with others. This freedom of communicatory print was real liberating for ones message could reach many in a short epoch. The printing press invention was important to people in many fields for it allowed the political powers to continue to expand, it provides the probability to sh are scientific knowledge and it allowed the public freedom to share in print format. sophisticated society was modify in many of the essence(p) ways because of the printing press.One of the ways that society is affected by this invention from so many years ago is that it brought about the standardization of spell out and grammar. This was and still is important because it brought about the awareness that in order to in good order communicate on that point would need to be a s tandardized form of spell and spelling rules. This set standard form of spelling shaped many languages and make the written communication of them easy in the onetime(prenominal) and still today. The arcminute way that its affects are noted still today is it helped spread spiritual views to various corners of the world in print format.The richness of this is that this source of books such as the bible or other spiritual books allowed spiritual views to be read about and shared in the kinfolk quite than s plundertily being a message listened to at church. It provided leafy vegetable written messages and because of this many holinesss such as Christianity could be spread easier throughout the world. These religious writings formed a common base for religion to be frequent today. Another way in which society was affected by the printing press is that it helped the worlds technology fire faster.People could afford to deprave factual books and educate themselves through re ading. The more educated that people became, the more they searched for ways to make living better with their knowledge they had acquired from reading books. at presents society still largely relies on written print as a way to gain knowledge. young society and its forward motion in written language structure religious followings and technologies advancement are rooted in the history of the printing press and would look overmuch different today if the printing press had not been invented.The invention of the printing press allowed many ordinary citizens the chance to consume a book and lift up to read. Before the invention of the printing press the cost and time to make a book limited the owning of a book to the very wealthy. However with the invention of the printing press as well as the newly found knowledge of how to make paper from the Arabs printing books became rather inexpensive and much less time consuming. These important advancements made it so average people could now afford to demoralize books, people began to learn how to read and therefore more opinions and ideas were spread.Literacy rates alter and with this knowledge it allowed the common peasants power to understand what was happening in their country. This power of being literate was important because it provided them opportunity to plan to make life better for oneself. right away books still have an importance for having books and being literate is important because if one can read and understand things in their world it gives one choices of how they can interact with others. The printing press was the most important invention of the last millennium.Its do were important in 1440 to spread political, scientific and technological ideas. Its effects are still important today in spelling and grammar, religion and in nonfiction education. It gave people power to be owners of printed material and it promoted a desire to learn to educate oneself to read. The printing press was crucial i n the advancement of society. Power in written form is a register to learn from and expand from. The printing press allowed societies diachronic events and ideas to be record and allowed man to learn from the past to progress the future.The Printing PressThe Printing Press There have been many important inventions over the past millennium. Many of them have helped shape society into what it is today. None however have contributed as much to the world as the printing press has. The printing press was invented in the year 1440 by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany. The printing press consisted of a large press which held plates where movable type could be inserted to spell out entire books page by page. The press was either operated by a large screw or lever which pressed the inked letters onto the sheet of paper.Once done the letters had to be rearranged to make the next page and then repeated for each new page in the book. This process however slow was much faster than the old me thod of hand writing the books and great deal cheaper as well. The invention of the printing press was the most important invention of the last millennium because it spread ideas throughout Europe, forever altered modern society and it gave the common people power and the chance to become literate. The printing press was the most important invention of the last millennium because it allowed many important ideas and opinions to be more easily widespread to the general public.The printing press helped the spread of ideas through the production of books. The ability to mass produce books and pamphlets helped many political leaders spread their views to the public more easily. These views of the political leaders, good or bad were now accessible to the general public. The ability to read leaders views and form public opinions helped shape the world into what it is today. Printed books also explored ideas on science and technology which helped bring forth scientific knowledge that shaped the scientific revolution.The press gave freedom to the general public in a new form of expression of thought. People now had a new way of recording their thoughts and sharing it with others. This freedom of expressive print was very liberating for ones message could reach many in a short time. The printing press invention was important to people in many fields for it allowed the political powers to continue to expand, it provides the opportunity to share scientific knowledge and it allowed the public freedom to share in print format. Modern society was affected in many crucial ways because of the printing press.One of the ways that society is affected by this invention from so many years ago is that it brought about the standardization of spelling and grammar. This was and still is important because it brought about the awareness that in order to properly communicate there would need to be a standardized form of spelling and spelling rules. This set standard form of spelling shape d many languages and made the written communication of them easy in the past and still today. The second way that its affects are noted still today is it helped spread religious views to various corners of the world in print format.The importance of this is that this source of books such as the bible or other religious books allowed religious views to be read about and shared in the home rather than just being a message listened to at church. It provided common written messages and because of this many religions such as Christianity could be spread easier throughout the world. These religious writings formed a common base for religion to be prevalent today. Another way in which society was affected by the printing press is that it helped the worlds technology advance faster.People could afford to buy factual books and educate themselves through reading. The more educated that people became, the more they searched for ways to make life better with their knowledge they had acquired fr om reading books. Todays society still largely relies on written print as a way to gain knowledge. Modern society and its advancement in written language structure religious followings and technologies advancement are rooted in the history of the printing press and would look much different today if the printing press had not been invented.The invention of the printing press allowed many ordinary citizens the chance to own a book and learn to read. Before the invention of the printing press the cost and time to make a book limited the owning of a book to the very wealthy. However with the invention of the printing press as well as the newly found knowledge of how to make paper from the Arabs printing books became rather inexpensive and much less time consuming. These important advancements made it so average people could now afford to buy books, people began to learn how to read and therefore more opinions and ideas were spread.Literacy rates improved and with this knowledge it allo wed the common peasants power to understand what was happening in their country. This power of being literate was important because it provided them opportunity to plan to make life better for oneself. Today books still have an importance for having books and being literate is important because if one can read and understand things in their world it gives one choices of how they can interact with others. The printing press was the most important invention of the last millennium.Its effects were important in 1440 to spread political, scientific and technological ideas. Its effects are still important today in spelling and grammar, religion and in nonfiction education. It gave people power to be owners of printed material and it promoted a desire to learn to educate oneself to read. The printing press was crucial in the advancement of society. Power in written form is a document to learn from and expand from. The printing press allowed societies historical events and ideas to be docum ented and allowed man to learn from the past to progress the future.

Intercultural aspect of culture Essay

During the first day of the workshop, I did not completely date the real meaning of destination. I did not even have a single definition for the term kitchen-gardening. Many questions came into my mind such as, What is shade? What argon the factors that create culture? What is the scope of culture? Does culture remedy itself or not? Although, I started the inquiry on the concept of culture without certain answers for these questions, I had figured them out grade by step during that day.I started to find answers for most of the questions that I faced. I finally understand what culture was and why divergent people with unalike cultures had diametrical behaviors. By dread the factors that influenced culture, I started to learn its importance to the parties who got composite in crabbed conflicts. Throughout that day, I comprehended why people with different cultures got involved in particular conflicts and what were their objectives. I started to give answers for these queri es.They might need someone whom they can air their grievances or opinions with. Moreover, they might only wish that new(prenominal)s would keep an eye on their culture as it was. In the role play, I learned that audition skill was very helpful in making the parties who were involved in the conflict feel better. Also, they should be given the chance to continue singing their stories without any interruption. I had also learned that I could be fitted to interact with them simply through body language such as moving my head up and down which tells, I understand you. book going. Furthermore, these skills would give me the chance to get as much information as possible and understand the parties cultures. Personally, I think that having much understanding of some other cultures using the skills mentioned earlier would help me adapt with their behaviors and become more conciliative when dealing with them. Cultures factors such as religion, climate and geographics play very signif icant roles in parties behavior. These explain why different countries have different cultures.Finally, all ideas and skills that I had learned during the first day of the workshop let me pay a close attention on understanding other cultures, respecting their beliefs and values as I want other people do the same thing when they cross my culture. I would generate to use these ideas and skills in my daily life simply by listening to other people and respecting them. Before evolving an interethnical model of conflict resolution it is principal(prenominal) to understand and identify aspects of culture that lead to creation of the framework of conflict.The cultural spectrum holds different shades for a person, a society and a nation, thence helping each of them to assimilate and adapt to a common identity that is defined and shaped by culture (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004). In the process of evolving this corporal identity, culture transcends its traditional role of providing a n aggregate set of beliefs, customs, norms, values, ethics, traditions, moral, social and lawful codes, perceptions, and philosophy, to become the overall physical framework for the society to function.Culture attains a real form, rendering a three dimensional living post for people to experience its living force ((Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004)). Culture is wellly link with geographical setting of a place, religion, ethnicity, and race, explaining why different countries have different cultures, and also why places on seashore share common elements of culture that is quite different from culture of mountainous places.The imprinting of culture on ways a person thinks, acts, perceives the environment and models his/her reaction is very strong and virtually indelible, determining every aspect of human behavior and heavy(p) rise to cultural identity in addition to individual and field of study identity. Although the classic rational choice framework says that people are singl e-handed in choice of their behavior and approach towards events, its seen that at subtle levels the morphological model provided by culture acts as final determinant in predicting a person, a society and a nation.Although culture is dynamic, evolving and continuously upgrading itself, in essence, these changes occur within the context of cultures own timeframe. champion of the most important contribution of culture to human civilization is the taste provided towards other cultures, making the culture in question receptive, tolerant, indifferent or outright hostile towards different cultures.Societies are seldom mono-cultural, displaying a consecrate of cultural traits, achieved through generations of trades, contact, and cross cultural mixing (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004). However, although for people belong to a particular culture, their culture would hardly seem complex, the cultural realities are hidden beneath the surface, difficult to observe and discern from outside. These improper understanding and imperfect perceptions of culture often give rise to conflict when different cultures are required to meet or come across.

Contribution and Marginal Costing Essay

This is an important lineage concept and must never be confused with profit. The contribution of a crossing refers to how much it contributes to the fixed terms and profit of the business once variable be have been covered. It heap be calculated either per unit of output or in terms of total contribution of all units produced. Contribution ignores fixed be and tho considers any surplus left once variable cost have been subtracted from tax revenue. Hence, contribution is what a harvest contributes towards the fixed costs of the business and, once these are paid, the profits of the business. Managers postulate to know, as accurately as possible, the cost of each result or service produced by the firm. angiotensin-converting enzyme reason for this is the need to make a pricing decision.In fact, buyers of numerous products will want an estimated price or a quotation onwards they agree to purchase. Managers may also need to decide whether production should be stopped, steppe d up or switched to new methods or new materials. Managers also need to compare actual product costs with original budgets and to compare the flowing period with past time periods. In calculating the cost of a product, both turn to labor and luff materials are often lax to identify and allocate to each product. For instance, the materials used in making product X are allocated directly to the cost of that product. These are not the only costs involved.Overheads, or indirect costs, privynot be allocated directly to each product but must be shared between all of the items produced by a business. There is more than one be method that can be used to apportion these costs and, therefore, there may be more than one answer to the question How much does a product cost to produce? contribution costing method that only allocates direct costs to cost/profit centers not overhead costs. This approach to costing solves the problem of how to apportion or divide overhead costs between product s it does not apportion them at all. Instead, the method concentrates on two truly important accounting conceptsMarginal cost is the cost of producing an tautologic unit. This extra cost will clearly be a variable direct cost. For example, if the total cost of producing 100 units is $400 000 and the total cost of producing ci units is $400 050, the marginal cost is $50. The contribution to fixed costs and profit. This is the revenue gained from selling a product less its variable direct costs. This is not the same as profit, which can only be calculated later on overheads have also been deducted. For example, if that 101st unit with a variable (marginal) cost of $50 is sold for $70, it has made a contribution towards fixed costs of $20. The unit contribution is found as the difference between the sale price ($70) and the extra variable cost ($50), that is $20.

Love electra donates thousands of products

San Antonio, TX, April 9, 2008 beloved Electra will be donating thousands of its inspiring t-shirt products to the national media advocacy and anti-defamation organization the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) for the commemoration of its nineteenth annual GLAAD Media Awards, an extended event that will be celebrated in four cities across the country.The GLAAD Media Awards recognizes and honors media for their fair, accurate and inclusive representation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) fellowship and the issues that affect their lives. The gala affair, which kicked off in sweet York City with a reception and dinner featuring some of Americas most keen and renowned entertainers and media personalities, continues through May 10th with events in South Florida, Los Angeles and San Francisco. The GLAAD Media Awards pass of inclusion and acceptance is precisely the one that Love Electra propagates daily with its trueness to love and positivity.Lo ve Electra, a company that specializes in the conception, design and shape of t-shirts that spread positive messages of love, has recognized the constructive influence that GLAAD has had on the medias treatment of the once marginalized LGBT community. Electra performs this gesture as a means of emphasize its whole-hearted endorsement of the GLAAD Media Awards. Through the dissemination of products containing memorable pro-love slogans at this event, it recognizes the common remnant that exists between the two organizations in their harmonious desire to spread the anti-hate message.We consider Love Electras generous and heartfelt support of the 19th Annual GLAAD Media and our critical ongoing study in media advocacy, fighting defamation and ever-changing hearts and minds, said Diana Rodriquez, director of special events & sponsorship for GLAAD.The dilemma faced by members of the LGBT, as well as other communities, has always inspired many of the creative products that bear Love E lectras designs. The messages spread by its pass and designers via their t-shirts are of particular interest to the members of the LGBT community, as one of Electras aims is to reject the unfair treatment of individuals on account of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Rather, love, inspiration, and acceptance are the mission of the company, and with every t-shirt haggard by the public the message is spread further. Through its efforts, Love Electra seeks to give the LGBT community to become what they in fact already arethis and succeeding(a) generations of creative, inspiring, and talented role models.The company uses love-inspired quotes to stir the radiation of love from the affection of persons who wear the products toward both those with whom they come in contact. The artistry that mixes beautiful colour in with powerful designs is therefore as well infused with positivity and inspiration. Love Electra uses the psychology of gloss to imbue its products with ene rgy and appeals to such groups as New Age spectral organizations who take pride in their work toward furthering the cause of harmony. The company also appeals to all social, political and environmental groups concerned with the furtherance of in effect(p)ice, equality, and fairness for all who share the planet.Love Electra caters to men, women, and children with t-shirts of all designs and styles. They come decorated with rhinestones and rhinestuds or just plain silkscreen graphics for those who want to keep it simple.To obtain your love, New Age, ecology, environmental or other types of inspiring t-shirts from Love Electra, visit the online fund at http//www.loveelectra.com. With the discount code GLAAD2008, you will receive a 30% discount on all products, plus free shipping for municipal orders, until July 31, 2008.You may also obtain additional information about Love Electra products, promotions and events on the website. www.loveelectra.com or www.myspace.com/igniteheartsFor more information about GLAADs work and the 19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards, please visit www.glaad.org.

Feminist Reading of Hardy’s the Return of the Native Essay

Most of bald-faceds novels or better to narrate all of them ar considered to be mod. In fact, one can nonice so many features of modern novels in his allegory. By referring to Robert Schweiks article (1994) pertaining to the base that audacious has influenced so many modern novelists ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) as D.H. Lawrence, one of the key critics of bodacious novels, chiefly in the notion of feminine and treatment of women which is one of the distinguishing features in his fiction. One can regard this type of treatment of women in Jude the Obscure, the 6th and the last of his major fictions, in a delegacy that Sue, the heroine of the novel, is a liberated, wrong and broadminded feminine who rebels against the conventions of the Victorian bon ton.Although at the end Sue thrusts upon the neighborly laws and ideologies, she is in truth much a modern type of cleaning lady or as Elaine Showalter stated the patent in her division of the female literary custom into three forms . Here the second stage is vastly relevant that is the stage of protest against the standards and the values and, a call for autonomy (Literature of their own, 13) venturous naturalised in his fiction. Moreover, by making a female character analogous Tess, in Tess of the dUrbervilles, bodacious tries to criticize the Victorian society, the very unrelenting one with that particular Victorian code and respectability which is a traditionalisticistic type of dealing with women in the community in which the only way to protest is to commit suicide.While many critics have disagreed with the reckon that Hardy treats with his heroines in a kind and tender way, Rosemarie Morgan gives us evidence regarding this idea While he Hardy was writing the rejoinder of the Nativehe was indication the works of a woman he greatly admired, whom he regarded as one of the Immortals of the literature, and who has happened to be passing un accomplishedhe was training George gumpti on Mauprat and was taking notes.(Morgan, 1988 41)Hence, this statement tells us that Hardys favorite novelist was an openly and defiantly unconventional and liberated woman whose writings Hardy speak outs highly of. Morgan also goes on with this idea and bestows on us a becomingstatement from Sands novel which were Hardys notes workforce imagine that a woman has no individual existence, and that she ought always to be absorbed in them and yet they love no wo- man late unless she elevates herself, by her character above the weakness and inertia of her sex. (Morgan, 1988 41-42)Interestingly, the existence of such a female resulted in many heroines in novels of Hardy and those experience after him. The Return of the Native is perhaps the strongest example of Hardys demonstration of struggle of women to establish their identities. In fact, it is the document of their attempts and battles against natural and social laws. The purpose of this paper also is to have a feminist reading t hrough using the recurrent theme of individual as Eustacia versus society as patriarchal society with its own ideologies and conventions. By considering Wollstonecrafts pattern womens duty, the idea that is largely applicable to Victorian women and mostly the folk people of Hardys novels like what one sees in characters like Thomasin or Susan Nunsuch or Olly (what simply they call her besom-maker), his heroines like Eustacia atomic number 18 against this notion.In fact, in that respect is a redefinition of that very concept in his fiction The novel demonstrates a restless passionate woman searching for fulfillment in the monotonous surroundings of Egdon Heath, where the inhabitants atomic number 18 steeped in the older traditional ways of life. Eustacia considered being a discontented and passionate dreamer who dismisses the opinions of society. She is qabalistic by nature and has Pagan eyes, full of nocturnal mysteries..assuming that the souls of men and women are visible es sences, you could fancy the color of Eustacias soul to be flame-like (The Return of the Native 51) Certainly, Eustacia has a reputation on Egdon Heath of witchcraft, as a person whose only desire is to use her beauty as a means of attracting the men.One can observe how the folk women hate her, that how they bawl out behind her or also there is almost no parley betwixt Eustacia and the other female characters throughout the novel. As evidence, there is a scene in the church service, exactly the time of Wildeve and Thomasin marriage, Susan had pricked Miss. Vye with a long stocking harass (RN 149), as a means of her hatred. But, just in opposite, whatever is position by the folk people is not Hardys markive. He attempts tocriticize the narrow-mindedness of such people, their counterfeit superstitions particularly religious ones. utilise Althussers Ideology, here, it is very much pertinent to the social laws, the church and what the Fathers are establishing. By reading closely the chapter called Queen of Night, the mysteries regarding Eustacia is unfolded. The vulgar element in the chapter is the high spirited woman rebelling against the constructions of her prescribed womans lot and seeking a life of wider personal freedom than customarily granted to women she had the passions and instincts which make a model goddess, that is, those which make not instead a model woman. (RN 55)Through studying the relationship amid the men and the women in the novel, Eustacia and Wildeve and also Eustacia and Clym, any other mystery of such a woman provide be resolved. First of all, the relationship between Eustacia and Wildeve is discussed. What is found in the character of Wildeve is that he is only a philanderer. What he does in the novel, is playing with women and mostly with Thomasin through procrastinating their marriage and preserving his map with Eustacia. Oddly enough, only a letter being the reason to devote this woman and go for the marriage, however, later Wildeve returns to her all over again. Furthermore, the name he has chosen for his bar is also debatable which is Quiet Woman inn. It symbolically presents the nature of a Victorian woman. As a matter of fact, not to go too far, Thomasin may be the main focusing in this notion. She is quiet lady-like brusque body (RN 19) as Susan calls her, also an obedient, devoted, peaceful one that later in the essay will be discussed more.The object of study of their relationship here is the matter of strength of Eustacia. Her nature proves that she is stronger than Wildeve, for she captivates and declines him in accordance with her tendency. She even threatens him to quit the legacy of passion she has presented upon him, I had wedded you up, and resolved not to think of you anymore. (RN 52) thus, the belief that women are the weaker sex is erode by Eustacia. In regard with the power and strength, also other elicit statement of Eustacia is bearable I determined you should come, and you have come I have shown my power. A mile and half hither, and a mile and ski binding again to your homethree miles in the dark for me. Have I not shown my power?(RN 54) Moreover, in another cardinal relationship in the novel between Eustacia and Clym, everything changes forEustacia. Clym has come from Paris, a city of ambitions for Eustacia, in fact, what she was in truth waiting for. But in an opposite way, an idealist and intellectual Clym is not very much interested in what her beloved thinks of.His core objective to return is just to improve his hometown, to educate them. He has forgotten that his hometown deals only with furze-cutting. Mrs. Yeobright tells him that after all the trouble that has been taken to give a start, and when there is nothing to do but to keep straight on towards affluence, you say you will be a poor mans schoolmaster. Your fancies will be your ruin (RN 147), however, Clym is too idealistic to recognize that the rustics need clobber comfort befor e achieving spiritual contentment. It is intriguing that Clym is trying to uplift mankind rather than to recognize what has really happened to his own life or to Eustacia. It is obvious that he has only attracted to her physical beauty and just has thought of her as a helpmate for his idealistic job. Stave asserts that Clym assumes marriage will conciliate him of the distress of passion and will provide him a helpmate in his mission to educate the Egdon folk (Stave, 1995 60).Or also in another scene he tells his mother that she is excellently educated, and would make a proper matron in a boarding-school. (RN 161-162). One can also say Clym defied and denied Eustacias desires in order to attain his personal ambitions. Oddly enough, the more she fights to repress the hostility of the heath, the further it dominates her. She marries Clym to save her body and soul from hostile surround around her by leaving heath for Paris but, as it seems, she is quite unaware of the fact that in t he patriarchal Victorian society, once a girl is married, she becomes the mans estate, and is made to satisfy his desires. Actually, Eustacias hopes are shattered by her husbands selfishness. Additionally, the main character bedevil in the novel is Thomasin, as Hardy calls her a good heroine. She is intriguingly defines herself a practical woman, I dont believe in patrol wagon at all (RN 130). She symbolizes the ideal partner, an agreeable and devoted woman which is immensely in contrast to Eustacia.Thomasin, in the first eleven chapters of the book one, reveals her admittedly purpose for marrying it is not for love but for the family reputation she says But I dont care personally if it never takes place, she added with a little dignity no, I can live without you. It is aunt I think of.She is so proud, and thinks so much of her family respecta- bility, that she will be cut bring with mortification if this story should get abroad before it is done.(RN 37) Hence, as it is utter, she is a very idol of a Victorian woman who makes the men, like Wildeve, to ill-treat the path of abusing the women as their own possession and property.In concluding what is said work now and by taking into account the most important female of the novel, one can say that from her first appearance till her tragic end, Eustacia is agonized because she does not consent to mans desires and principles. Hardy desires her to commit suicide rather than be debased to living in a cottage with an indecisive idealist, and a blind man as Duffin observes yields little allegiance to emotions (Duffin, 1991 201). Her tragic end is an indication of refusal to be an obedient, conventional and passive man. In fact, Hardys greater heroines are not static at all but are very much dynamic and just attempting to advance through the interaction of anything out the domesticated world.Works CitedDeen, L.W.1960. Heroism and Pathos in The Return of the Native. Nineteenth carbon Fiction,Vol.15,No.3,p.211.Du ffin, H.1991. Thomas HardyA study of the Wessex Novels, The Poems, And The Dynasts, Anmol Publication, New Delhi.Hardy, T. 1995. The Return of the Native, Wordsworth Editions Limited, Hertfordshire.- . 1995. Jude the Obscure, Wordsworth Editions Limited, HertfordshireHarvey, G. 2003. The fatten up critical guide to Thomas Hardy, Routledge,, LondonMillgate, M. 1971. Thomas Hardy His move as a Novelist, The Bodley Head, London and Sydney.Morgan,R.1988. Women and Sexuality in the Novels of Thomas Hardy,Routledge,London.-, 1992. off words rediscovering Thomas Hardy, Routledge. London.Showalter, E. 1977. A literature of Their Own, University Press, Princeton.Schweik, R, 1994. Modernity in Hardys Jude the Obscure in Blooms Modern vituperative Views Thomas Hardy. Ed. Harold Bloom 2010. Infobase Publishing.Wolstonecraft, M Vindication of the Rights of Women, Everyman Library, London.

Immigration: Racism and Greece

Introduction Nowadays, it has been observed in several countries that immigrant students do not name an equivalent school murder with their native classmates (Pisa, 2003). This essay is concerning the different school carrying into action of the immigrant and Pontic classics students in Greece. The startle-class honours degree parting of this essay is astir(predicate) the in-migration to Greece, and it explores the campaigns of the increasing immigration to Greece, the stand by explores the attitudes of Grecians towards immigration, whereas the next section high scant(p)s the racism and xenophobia in Greeces fiat.Section four is astir(predicate) the ethnocentric school curriculum in this plain, whereas, the next section is about, the differnces of the socio economic status and cultural capital towards these two groups of immigrants. Finally, the next two sections argon about the intercultural education in Greece and its problems. Immigration to Greece Before we go into the influence of analysis of our topic it is obvious that we should explore the occurrence of immigration to Greece.The first decades after World War II, a drove of classicals left their country and they immigrated in umteen countries such as USA, Canada, Germ any(prenominal) and Australia which were to a greater extent economically developed, because the grade of unemployment and poverty in Greece were extremely high (Katsikas & umpire Politou, 2005), however, Greece nowadays has wrench a country where many immigrants from different countries arrive, hoping that Greece testament offer them the opportunities to sop up a erupt life (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002).The Mediterranean countries bring forth occasion a magnet for many immigrants replacing the traditional immigration countries like Germany and France (Brenner &ump Fertig, 2006). Moreover, immigrants in Greece exceeds the necessitate of the Greek industry, and Greece has the highest proportion of immigrants among the European Union countries (Siar, 2008). Greece has become the centre of immigration since 1980, when many Greeks who move over immigrated to another(prenominal)(a) countries returned back, morever, in 1985 many repatriated Greeks returned back from the U.S. S. R and Albania, finally, the last two decades many economic immigrants from many developing countries from the Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa came to Greece (Katsikas &ump Politou, 2005). A explore which was conducted by Eurostat in 2006 has shown that in Greece in that respect are 884. 000 immigrants and the majority of them came from Albania, the 62% of immigrants in Greece are Albanians (Siar, 2008).However, in that location are a lot of hatful from many countries such as Pakistan, India, Georgia, Ukraine, Romania, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Egypt (Siar, 2008). Moreover, the last decades a lot of companionable Greeks returned to Greece such as Pontic Greeks and Greek Albanians and also on that point are a lot Greek citizens who returned to Greece from countries such as Cyprus and Turkey (Fakiolas &ump King, 1996).Furthermore, we should key out that many freedom fighter immigrants in particular from Asian countries, live in Greece, and their twist becomes ein truth year more and more ontogenesisd, this happens because they try to enter to Greece through and through Aegean sea, which is very difficult to be discoverled, due to the fact that at that place is a line of seashore which is 18,400 km and a vast touchstone of islands which are near to Turkish coasts, thus, it is instead easy from them to enter to Greece (Siar, 2008).In addition, nowadays, in Greece, there is an increasing number of asylum seekers, who try to enter to the close industrialised European countries, the majority of them comes from countries like Iraq, Pakistan, and Afganistan, unfortunately, Greek state, does not normally recognize them, and altogether few applications get a positive rejoinder (Si ar, 2008). Moreover, it is quite useful to explore the reasons that Greece attracts many immigrants. First of all, the majority of European countries have stricter immigration policy than Greece, as a result, a lot of people immigrate to Greece (Leghari, 2009).As we have mentioned before, Greece has many islands and a vast coastline, moreover, it has a lot of mountains, it is obvious that Greeces borders are very difficult to be secured, as a consequence, many irregular immigrants enter the country (Leghari, 2009). Greece, is situated, between the developed and developing countries, as a result, many people from the developing countries immigrate to Greece because their countries very usually face a lot of conflicts and changes (Leghari, 2009).The go along of Communism in many countries made people to leave their countries, the immigration of Pontic Greeks, it was a result of the fall of Communism in U. S. S. R (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002). Another important reason which pro motes immigration to Greece is the fact that the last decades there was an economic development (Leghari, 2009). Moreover, there was a decline in Greeces population and as a result, there was a need of grasp force (Leghari, 2009).In addition, we should mention that there is a lack of workers in the verbal expression sector because Greeks do not want to do these kind of jobs (Leghari, 2009). As a result, the majority of immigrants in Greece do these kind of jobs, according to, the Greek Ministry of Interior the 32% of immigrants work in the construction sector (Siar, 2008). Finally, the fact that Greeces economy, is stipulated by an informal sector gives the opportunity to many irregular immigrants to work in this sector (Leghari, 2009).It is obvious that all of these reasons promote immigration, however, it leave behind be quite useful to explore the attitude of public sound judgement and Greek policy towards immigrants in Greece, because this, will help us, to shed light on th e differences in school performance between Pontic Greeks and immigrant students, the next section of this research is about the attitude of Greek policy and public assurance towards immigrants. Attitude of Greek Policy and Public Opinion Towards ImmigrantsFirst of all, we should mention that although, in Greece there are a lot of immigrants there is no any opinionive immigration policy (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002). The first decades of immigration to Greece, it was quite obvious that there was no such policy because there were no indications of the extent of this phenomenon, however, until now, there are not effective policies, as a result, we are able to assume that maybe Greek politicians and also society, desire that mass immigration will have an effect on Greeks homogeneousness (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002).On the other hand, any migratory policies apply in Greece favors both(prenominal) specific groups, such as Pontic Greeks, moreover, Greek citizenship was disposed(p) to them when they arrived in Greece (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002). This happens because Greece is one of the intimately equate societies (Rozakis, 1997), and Greeces homogeneity comes from the fact that Greeks national identity is based on Greeces celebrated history and orthodox religion (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002). In line with, Triantafyllidou and Veikou Greek national identity includes both ethnic and civic features, which are dynamically organized and interact with the changing international context and internal needs of the society (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002 195). However, nowadays, there are a lot ot hearty changes in Greece due to the fact of mass immigration, as a result, there is a need Greeces national identity to be reconsidered and redefined to act as the demands of global and national changes (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002).It is obvious, that this fact led Greeks to conceptualize that immigrants will elimintate their national identity and as a result, they do not have a positive attitude towards immigration. On the other hand, Greeks have a positive attitude towards Pontic Greeks, and they have a better treatment than immigrants from other countries such as Albania, we are able to assume that Pontic Greeks were a inner(a) group of immigrants, moreover, this positive attitude towards Pontic Greeks is based on media which have a more positive attitude to them than to other immigrants (Voutira, 2004).This happens because Greeks conceptualise that Pontic Greeks are Greeks with nigh common habits and they have the same religion as a result, they believe that Pontic Greeks have, like them, national consciousness, however, they do not examine the fact that some of them do not even speak the Greek (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002).One of the most important factors of the construction of Greeks national consciousness was the fact that many Orthodox Greeks lived in some other places which some centuries ago were under the control of Greece and made Greeks believe that these lands should be one day controlled by Greece again, aid Greeks Orthodoxs to be integrated with their homeland, this is, what is called in Greece Great Idea(Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002). It is obvious, that these reasons, aim Greeks to have positive attitudes towards Pontic Greeks.We are able to assume that a better reply is granted to Pontic Greeks when they come to Greece, and their acceptance in Greek society is secured, due to their Greekness(Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002), as a result, it is obvious that their Greek grow make it easier to be integrated in Greek society, this better consolidation of Pontic Greek renders us capable of clearing that Pontic Greek students have more chances to have a better school performance than the other immigrant students.However, their Greek roots, it is not the only reason which give them the opportunity to have a better school performance, the next section, exp lores another reason, which promotes their better educational attainment, this reason is the fact that Greeces society is characterized by afraid(predicate) and antiblack beliefs. Xenophobia and racism in Greece Immigration helps the receiving countries to develop their economies, however, sometimes in many countries there are prejudicial attitudes against immigrants (Card, Dustmann, &ump Preston, 2005).In Greece, a research which was conducted by Anna Triantafullidou and Andoni Mikraki has shown that Greeks since 1995 have not xenophobic attitudes against immigrants, moreover, the 31% of Greeces population believed that immigrants rights should be more extended and only the 4% of the total population had negative attitudes against immigrants (Triantafyllidou &ump Mikrakis, 1995).However, the high rates of immigration this decade, has triggered the xenophobic and sometimes racist attitudes in Greek society, people nowadays in Greece believe that immigrants increase the rates of unemployment and criminality and very often these stereotypes are direct by the media, moreover as we have mentioned before, Greek society is a homogenized society and Greeks believe that the mass immigration will have an effect on Greeces homogeneity (Hatziprokopiou, 2005).On the other hand, it is quite difficult, to give an explanation, to the product of xenophobia and racism in this country, however, these attitudes become more and more frequent, this is clear, if we consider the institutional racism which is very usual, in the police stations, the maiority of policemen in Greece tend to believe that immigrants are criminals (Hatziprokopiou, 2005).Moreover, racist attitudes, are a daily phenomenon, even in Greek TV series, there are racist attitudes, for instance, they show immigrants in some ways, such as, criminals, prostitutes, or domestic servants, with this way, there is a gentility of stereotypes and xenophobia (Hatziprokopiou, 2005). However, these attitudes are very us ual, in global history, because when there are a lot of social problems in a society, people try to insure a weak social group to blame for these problems (Fenton, 1984), and Greece nowadays has a lot of roblems, due to the social changes due to immigration (Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002), and the economic recession. As a result, there is a growth of racist and xenophobic attitudes. Moreover, these racist beliefs are very common in Greek schools, very often Greek students have negative attitudes towards immigrant students, their perception often is guided by their classmates country of origin, some specific immigrant groups especially Albanians are faced xenophobic attitudes and stereotypes even in classrooms (Dimakos &ump Tasiopoulou, 2010).Of course, we cannot characterize Greek society, as a racist society, because it has been observed, that when there is a come to between Greeks and immigrants, there is a development of interpersonal relationships, and friendships, it is o bvious that, that media, social problems and Greeces immigrations policy promote the racist attitudes towards immigrants (Hatziprokopiou, 2005). It is obvious, that the reproduction of the racist beliefs and stereotypes have an effect on school performance.As we have mentioned before, a better reception is granted to Pontic Greeks due to their Greekness(Triantafyllidoy &ump Veikou, 2002), as a result, Pontic Greeks students do not have to face racist stereotypes in education, this issue, help us to understand that they have more chances to have a better school performance than the other immigrant students. Of course, Greeces homogeneity and racist attitudes towards immigrants, are not the only reasons which have an effect on school performance, the next section is about another important reason which guides the differences in school performance, this is the school curriculum.