Translation Theory Revision Essay Example for Free

explanation Theory Revision EssayTranslation The process of explanation among twain different wordss involves the translator changing an sure text (the source text ST) in the master verbal languages (the source languages SL) in a different verbal language (the target language TL) S. Bassnet def Translation is displacement of a SL text into the TL so as to ensure that 1) the surface meaning of the two will be approximately similar, and 2) the structures of the SL will e carry ond as closely as realizable precisely not so closely that the TL structures will be seriously distorted. Susan Basset revealing the same things in a different language in a way that sounds natural, getting the lodge across. Translation types Semiotic classification Intralingual an interpretation of verbal signs by means of separate signs of the same language Interlingual an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Intersemiotic an interpretation of verbal signs by me ans of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Binary classificationsFree commentary translator replaces a favorable, or cultural, reality in the source text with a corresponding reality in the target text Literal rendering of text from one language to another word-for-word. Overt is a TT that does not mean to be an original. The individual text function cannot be tha same for TT and ST since the cultures atomic number 18 different. Covert ST is not cerebrate to the ST culture or audience both ST and TT address their respective receivers transmitly.Domestication vs foreigization translation methods that take the writer toward the reader, i.e. , fluency, and those that move the reader toward the author (domestication) , i. e. , an extreme fidelity to the extraneousness of the source text (foreignization). Documentary (preserve the original exoticizing setting) vs instrumental (adaptation of the setting to the target culture) Text Type TheoryKatharina Reiss. Determine, what kind o f text you are dealings with In systema skeletaleative plain facts (newspaper article) Expressive creative composition (poetry) Operative including behavioural responses (ads) Multi/audio-medial (films or visual/ oral exam ads).Equivalence Dynamic equivalence (also kn witness as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source texts grammatical voice, and so on ), while workal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural demonstration in the target language). J. C. Catford A formal correspondent any TL category which van be said to occupy the same place in SL A textual equivalent any TL text or part of text that van be said to be the equivalent of the ST descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) A firmly empirical (kogemuslik) discipline Describes and maps translations Proposes hypotheses as why the translations are like they are Avoids being prescriptive The aim of DTS is to acquire insight into the nature and function of translation as a cultural and historical phenomenon DTS leading figures Gideon Toury, Andre Lefevere Early translation theory Cicero senise-for-sense. Synthesized in Latin Greek philosophers. The founder of Western translation theory. The 1st to comment on the process of translation. Translation serves as the study and imitation of rhetorical models.Free translation that is focused on the meaning. Horace model target orientation. esthetically pleasing and creative translation. Art of Poetry. Quintilian remarks on translations are v much in the Ciceroian tradition. Makes a divergency between metaphrasis successor a single word with a single word paraphrasis replacing a phrase with a phrase. Jerome model translation word of honor latin Vulgate (405. y). Translated sense-for-sense, rather that word-for-word. German love affair individual authors vision. Author i s a creator. Shlegel all writings in act of translationSchleiermacher translator could take the reader along and make him walk with the author or in the other way around.. Word-for-word translation onorthodox view of translation. Herder, Goethe, Humbolt, the Shlegel brothers, Shleiermacher translations of Homeric epics, the Greek tragedies and Shakespeare Emergence of the German tradition as opposed to the French strive for an independent literary culture Goethe 3 stages of translation 1) aquainted us the foreign language in his own terms (Luther Kingss Bible) 2) French tradition use of its own criteria, own rules.3) The same idendity between source and target language. Eugene Nida. Formal equivalence attention to the transfer of center, both form and content Dynamic / functional equivalence seeks the closest natural equivalence for the source language message Principles 1. making sense 2. conveying the spirit and manner of the original 3. having a natural and easy form of e xpression 4. producing a similar response 1. give a bring to pass transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2. spew the style and manner of writing of the original. 3.have all the ease of the original composition. Nidas equivalent install criticized too concerned with the word level difficult or impossible to achieve overly theological Nida differentiates between Linguistic meaning. the meaningful dealinghip between words, phrases and sentences. Referential meaning. the words as symbols which refer to objects, events, abstracts, relations Methods hierarchical structuring, componential analysis, semantic structure analysis Emotive meaning Toury? s norm theory Defines social norms. Preliminary norm concerned with translation policy.The initial norm expressed through operational norms which direct actual decisions made during the translating process. Corpus studies Corpus compurerized collection of documents A token each word as it occurs A type each different wo rd The type-token ratio is a text? s lexical density(tihedus) Postcolonialism Resist domination Emphasis on the impact and significance of translation in a stage setting of political, military, economic and cultural power differentials (vahe) Is characterizied by hybridity (ristandumine) and self-reflection.English theory Early English translation of the Bible prat Wycliffe published Bibles English version (late 14th c). Tried to translate the meaning, but preserve its form. William Tyndale 1525 Bibles German version (Greek) The King James Bible 1611 Bibles English version Early translations of the Bible in English Wycliffe Bible 1380-1384 revised by John Purvey in 1408 . Published Bible English version. Trying to translate the meaning but preserve its form (w-for-w) William Tyndale 1525 (w-for-w) Bishops Bible 1568. The King James Bible the Authorized Version 1604 -1611 John Dryden on translation 1) metaphrase word-for-word 2) paraphrase sense-for-sense 3)imitation abs olute freedom. Tytler 18th c 1) translation should give source language complete context. 2) style and manner should be similar. 3) reader should see it as fluid as original text. Essays on the translations, self-standing thoughts on translations, artistic activity = transl. Edward Fitzgerald Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Persian poetry, imperial attitude.quatrain rhyme scheme AABA Early theory and perform of translation in England draws on two traditions Classical Latin translation, from the Greek Early Christian Latin translation from the Scriptures, the Hebrew, Aramaic King Alfred (871-99) and his policy of translation. Augustines Soliloquies and Gregorys Pastoral Care Gregorys Dialogues the Venerable Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People Benedictine reform a revival of monasticism, ?lfrics homilies a need to educate the uneducated.